Associations between urban green space accessibility and mental health of residents from the perspective of socio-economic status

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206004

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 248-256.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206004

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Associations between urban green space accessibility and mental health of residents from the perspective of socio-economic status

YANG He¹(), MI Feng²^,^*()

1. School of Economics and Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
2. School of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2022-06-03 Revised:2023-07-24 Online:2024-01-30 Published:2024-01-24
Contact: MI Feng E-mail:yangheslf@163.com;mifengsun@163.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Environmental and social problems caused by rapid urbanization are increasingly threatening the health of residents, and the optimal allocation of urban park green spaces has become an essential strategy for the built environment of megacities to contribute to mental health positively. This study is to analyze the environmental and health benefits of urban green spaces from the perspective of accessibility, taking into account socio-economic conditions. 【Method】Based on the theoretical analysis of “nature-psychology-society”, an ordered logit and moderating effect model was constructed to explore the impact of urban park green spaces on mental health and to investigate the health inequalities resulting from the moderating effect of socio-economic status. 【Result】The baseline regression results show that improving the accessibility of urban park green spaces can positively influence mental health, and this positive effect tends to decay from the city center to its periphery. The moderating effect analysis revealed that socio-economic status had a positive moderating effect on the relationship between urban park accessibility and the mental health of residents, and significantly strengthened the positive effect of park accessibility on mental health. Heterogeneity analysis revealed that the mental health promotion effect of urban park accessibility was heterogeneous across household registration, gender, and age group and moderated by socioe-conomic status. Urban versus rural, female versus male, and elderly versus youth are more likely to suffer from mental health inequality risks induced by differences in park accessibility. 【Conclusion】To improve the mental health of all urban residents, three aspects should be adopted: optimizing green space layout planning, improving the quality of green space services, and strengthening the management system of green spaces.

Key words: urban park green spaces, accessibility, socioe-conomic status, resident mental health, environmental justice

CLC Number:

TU986

YANG He, MI Feng. Associations between urban green space accessibility and mental health of residents from the perspective of socio-economic status[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(1): 248-256.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

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References 33

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特征 characteristic	类别 category	访问绿地频数 frequency	比例/% proportion	特征 characteristic	类别 category	访问绿地频数 frequency	比例/% proportion
性别 gender	男	690	44.26	受教育程度 educational attainment	未上过学	24	1.54
	女	869	55.74		小学	47	3.01
年龄/a age	<18	143	9.17		初中	177	11.35
	18~30	485	31.11		高中或中专	383	24.57
	31~40	409	26.23		大专或本科	811	52.02
	41~50	202	12.96		研究生及以上	117	7.51
	51~65	209	13.40	年均收入水平/万元 average annual income	<8	412	26.43
	>65	111	7.12		[8,15)	553	35.47
婚姻状况 marriage status	已婚	1 011	64.85		[15,30)	417	26.75
	其他	548	35.15		[30,50)	128	8.21
户籍类型 household type	城市	1 226	78.64		[50,100)	38	2.44
	农村	333	21.36		≥100	11	0.70

类型 type		变量 variable		变量说明及赋值 variable description and assignment		平均值 mean	标准差 SD
被解释变量 explained variable		居民自评健康(Y)		很差=1;较差=2;一般=3;较好=4;很好=5		3.74	0.83
核心解释变量 core explanatory variable		公园绿地可达性(X)		10 km以外=1;[5,10)km=2;[3,5)km=3;[500 m,3 km)=4;500 m以内=5		3.79	0.99
调节变量 adjustment variable		社会经济地位(M) socio-economic status	受教育程度	未上过学=0;小学=1;初中=2;高中或中专=3;大专或本科=4;研究生及以上=5	4.45		1.00
			职业类型	退休=0;学生=1;其他=2;农民、工人、职员=3;企业管理人员=4;专业人士=5;公职人员=6	2.29		1.61
			年均收入	<8万元=1;[8,15)万元=2;[15,30)万元=3;[30,50)万元=4;[50~100)万元=5;≥100万元=6	2.27		1.06
控制变量 (C) control variable	个体层面 individual dimension		性别	男=1;女=0	0.44		0.50
			年龄	18岁以下=1;18~30岁=2;31~40岁=3;41~50岁=4;51~65岁=5;65岁以上=6	3.12		1.40
			婚姻状况	已婚=1;其他=0	0.65		0.48
			户籍类型	城镇=1;农村=0	0.79		0.41
	家庭层面 household dimension		房屋类型	买房=1;租房=0	1.81		0.40
			居住时长	<1年=1;[1,3)年=2;[3,5)年=3;[5,10)年=4; ≥10年=5	4.26		1.27
			家中老人数	0人=0;1人=1;2人=2;3人=3;4人=4;5人及以上=5	0.75		1.02
			家中儿童数	0人=0;1人=1;2人=2;3人=3;4人=4;5人及以上=5	0.64		0.72
	公园绿地层面 greenfield dimension		游览时长	<1 h=1;[1,1.5) h=2;[1.5,2)=3;[2,2.5) h=4;≥2.5 h=5	2.56		1.13
	公园绿地层面 greenfield dimension		月游览频次	0~2次=1; 3~4次=2;5~9次=3;10~20次=4;≥20次=5	2.58		1.33

自评心理健康 self-assessed mental health	基准模型估计 baseline model estimation				调节效应模型估计 moderating effect model estimation
自评心理健康 self-assessed mental health	全样本 complete sample	中心城区 center city	环城区 ring city	远郊区 outer suburbs	全样本 complete sample	中心城区 center city	环城区 ring city	远郊区 outer suburbs city
X_distance	0.194^*** (3.31)	0.325^*** (3.79)	0.273^* (1.76)	0.068 (0.65)	0.155^** (2.08)	0.266^** (2.19)	0.329^** (2.28)	0.061 (0.23)
M_i					0.118^* (1.67)	0.100^*** (2.59)	0.126^* (1.71)	0.274 (0.70)
X_distance×M_i					0.013^** (2.26)	0.023^*** (2.60)	0.056^* (1.94)	0.048 (0.51)
C	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制
样本数samples	1 559	619	394	546	1 559	619	394	546
R²	0.008 1	0.014 3	0.014 3	0.010 3	0.008 6	0.018 9	0.025 6	0.011 4

自评心理健康 self-assessed mental health	替换被解释变量 substitute explained variable	替换核心变量 substitute core explanatory variable	替换调节变量 substitute adjustment variable
X_distance	0.244^* (1.95)		0.178^*** (2.99)
M_i	0.052^** (2.30)	0.192^** (2.13)
X_distance×M_i	0.020^** (2.45)
M_average			0.041^** (2.19)
X_distance×M_average			0.003^** (2.08)
X_time		0.233^* (1.88)
X_time×M_i		0.069^** (2.49)
C	控制	控制	控制
样本数samiples	1 559	1 559	1 559
R²	0.019 8	0.006 8	0.008 8

自评心理健康 self-assessed mental health	户口 household		性别 gender		年龄 age
自评心理健康 self-assessed mental health	农村 rural	城市 urban	男性 male	女性 female	青少年 adolescent	青年 youth	中年 middle age	老年 old age
X_distance	0.073 (0.22)	0.137^* (1.84)	0.048^** (2.23)	0.184^** (2.91)	0.252 (0.40)	0.278^** (2.22)	0.252^* (1.87)	0.461^** (2.54)
M_i	0.303 (0.59)	0.062^** (2.28)	0.076 (1.28)	0.174^*** (2.28)	0.890 (0.57)	0.214 (0.72)	0.196^** (2.52)	3.506^** (2.03)
X_distance×M_i	0.042 (0.33)	0.016^** (2.29)	0.036^** (2.54)	0.014^*** (3.19)	0.080 (0.23)	0.045 (0.60)	0.061^* (1.66)	0.778^*** (2.93)
C	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制
样本数samples	333	1 226	690	869	143	894	411	111
R²	0.022 7	0.009 2	0.010 4	0.014 9	0.057 5	0.013 3	0.037 5	0.056 8

Associations between urban green space accessibility and mental health of residents from the perspective of socio-economic status

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