【Objective】The main objective of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the soil fertility characteristics and spatial distribution of street trees in Shanghai City, to promote their effective management by improving health and soil quality, optimizing fertilization, and ensuring the sustainable development of green infrastructure.【Method】We collected tree soil samples from 136 roads across 16 administrative districts in Shanghai, China and measured soil fertility indices, such as soil bulk density, pH and main nutrient contents. Combining single factor analysis and GIS spatial distribution, we evaluated the soil fertility characteristics of street trees in Shanghai. 【Result】The results showed that street tree soil in Shanghai was predominantly silt loam, highly alkaline, and had a high average soil bulk density. Except for available potassium, main nutrient indices contents such as organic matter, total and available nitrogen, and available phosphorus were low, and soil nutrient spatial distributions varied greatly. Available calcium content in street tree soil was much higher than that of the highest planting requirements in Shanghai overall; however, it was considered to be low level based on the integrated fertility index (IFI) of street tree soils, which showed a general trend of being low in the middle and high in the periphery. The IFI showed a significant positive correlation with organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available sulfur, whereas it had significantly negative correlation with pH and available calcium. 【Conclusion】The IFI of street trees in Shanghai was generally low, and soil fertility differed significantly between administrative regions; however, no clear correlation was found. The street tree soil management and improvement should consider spatial distribution characteristics and practical measures such as reducing soil pH and increasing soil organic matter according to local conditions to improve street tree soil fertility.