Spatio-temporal characteristic of soil loss on cropland slopes in different cultivation periods of the Black Soil Region in northeast China

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202207042

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 51-60.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202207042

Special Issue: 山水林田湖草一体化保护和生态修复——土壤侵蚀修复研究

Previous Articles Next Articles

Spatio-temporal characteristic of soil loss on cropland slopes in different cultivation periods of the Black Soil Region in northeast China

YU Yue¹(), ZHAO Lijun¹, ZHANG Wei¹, ZHANG Keli²^,³, LIU Liang⁴

1. School of Geography Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Resources Ecology of the Department of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
3. School of Geography, Department of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
4. College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2022-07-29 Revised:2022-10-04 Online:2023-11-30 Published:2023-11-23

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The Black Soil Region is an important food base, which has a vital strategic position to ensure the food security in China. However, due to the long-term unreasonable utilization, the black soil resources suffered from serious water erosion. The objective is to clarify the spatio-temporal characteristic of soil loss on cropland and discuss the feasibility of evaluating soil erosion by magnetic susceptibility. 【Method】Magnetic susceptibility (MS) had been proved to be a rapid, reliable, economic and nondestructive method in estimating hillslope soil redistribution. In this paper, three typical black soil slope transects were selected in Heshan Farm, Heilongjiang Province, and collected soil profile samples from surface to 60-100 cm depth, measured soil magnetic susceptibility. The MS was used as a tracer to analyze the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of soil susceptibility at slope scale and discussed the soil erosion patterns in Black Soil Region. 【Result】The results showed that MS of topsoils on all the slope were generally high, and decreased with the increasing of soil depth. MS at parent layers become stable, which was in line with the MS characteristics of temperate soil developed from weak magnetic parent materials. The average MS at upperslopes and middleslopes were less than that of reference sites, which were 24.1×10^-8 m³/kg and 24.8×10^-8 m³/kg, respectively, the average MS of lowerslopes were greater than that of reference sites, for 39.71×10^-8 m³/kg. It conformed to the general soil erosion pattern on hillslope that soil material deposited from its original position to the lower position. The whole slope were divided into erosion area and deposition area according to the topsoil MS of reference sites. The topsoil MS at the erosion area was lower than that of reference sites, while the topsoil MS at the deposition area was higher than that of reference sites. The topsoil particles were removed and transported at upperslopes and middleslopes, deposited at lowerslopes. With the increasing of cultivation periods, the MS between upperslopes and lowerslopes varied significantly which showed strong slope heterogeneity, and the cultivation periods were positively correlated to the soil redistribution. The range of MS on cropland reclaimed for 110 years was 1.7×10^-8-88.7×10^-8 m³/kg, which was about 1.4 and 1.9 times of cultivated for 60 and 30 a, respectively. 【Conclusion】The MS at topsoils of the black soil slope presented heterogeneity, that is, upperslopes and middleslopes located in the erosion area while lowerslopes were located in the deposition area. The longer the cultivation period, the higher the degree of soil redistribution on slope. Soil erosion was the most intense on the slope reclaimed 110 years ago. In view of the soil erosion in Black Soil Region, we should vigorously carry out the quality protection and improvement of cultivated land, encourage contour farming and strengthen the monitoring and investigation of soil conservation of black soil under a longer spatio-temporal series. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction and prevention of water conservation and controlling soil erosion in Northeast China, which is conducive to the sustainable development of regional agriculture and ecological environmental protection.

Key words: water erosion, magnetic susceptibility, soil magnetic, cultivation periods, the Black Soil Region

CLC Number:

S157.1

YU Yue, ZHAO Lijun, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Keli, LIU Liang. Spatio-temporal characteristic of soil loss on cropland slopes in different cultivation periods of the Black Soil Region in northeast China[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(6): 51-60.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

References 34

[1]	李洪勋, 吴伯志. 用径流小区法研究不同耕作措施对土壤侵蚀的影响[J]. 土壤, 2006, 38(1):81-85.
	LI H X, WU B Z. Effects of cultivation management on soil erosion[J]. Soils, 2006, 38(1):81-85.DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-9829.2006.01.014.
[2]	董元杰, 马玉增, 陈为峰, 等. 一种新型土壤侵蚀磁性示踪剂的研制[J]. 水土保持学报, 2007, 21(5):46-49.
	DONG Y J, MA Y Z, CHEN W F, et al. Developing a man-made magnetic tracer to study soil erosion[J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2007, 21(5):46-49.DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2007.05.009.
[3]	LE BORGNE E. Abnormal magnetic susceptibility of the top soil[J]. Ann Geophys, 1955, 11: 399-419.
[4]	LIU L, ZHANG K L, FU S H, et al. Rapid magnetic susceptibility measurement for obtaining superficial soil layer thickness and its erosion monitoring implications[J]. Geoderma, 2019, 351:163-173.DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.05.030.
[5]	LIU L, ZHANG K L, ZHANG Z D. An improved core sampling technique for soil magnetic susceptibility determination[J]. Geoderma, 2016, 277:35-40.DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.04.030.
[6]	ZUBIETA E, LARRASOAÑA J C, ALDAZ A, et al. Assessment of magnetite as a magnetic tracer for sediments in the study of ephemeral gully erosion:conditioning factors of magnetic susceptibility[J]. Earth Surf Process Land, 2021, 46(6):1103-1110.DOI: 10.1002/esp.5074.
[7]	MORITSUKA N, MATSUOKA K, KATSURA K, et al. Laboratory and field measurement of magnetic susceptibility of Japanese agricultural soils for rapid soil assessment[J]. Geoderma, 2021, 393:115013.DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115013.
[8]	DEARING J A, MORTON R I, PRICE T W, et al. Tracing movements of topsoil by magnetic measurements:two case studies[J]. Phys Earth Planet Interiors, 1986, 42(1/2):93-104.DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9201(86)80011-5.
[9]	VENTURA E, NEARING M A, NORTON L D. Developing a magnetic tracer to study soil erosion[J]. CATENA, 2001, 43(4):277-291.DOI: 10.1016/S0341-8162(00)00149-1.
[10]	DE JONG E, NESTOR P A, PENNOCK D J. The use of magnetic susceptibility to measure long-term soil redistribution[J]. CATENA, 1998, 32(1):23-35.DOI: 10.1016/S0341-8162(97)00051-9.
[11]	董元杰, 史衍玺. 鲁中山区小流域坡面土壤侵蚀强度与磁化率的空间分异特征研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20(6):6-10,21.
	DONG Y J, SHI Y X. Spatial characteristics of slope soil erosion intensity and susceptibility in small watershed of Shandong Province middle part[J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2006, 20(6):6-10,21.DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2006.06.002.
[12]	董元杰, 史衍玺, 孔凡美, 等. 基于磁测的坡面土壤侵蚀空间分布特征研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2009, 46(1):144-148.
	DONG Y J, SHI Y X, KONG F M, et al. Magnetic-measurement-based spatial distribution of soil erosion on slope[J]. Acta Pedol Sin, 2009, 46(1):144-148.DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:0564-3929.2009.01.020.
[13]	刘龙华, 李凤全, 王天阳, 等. 黄壤坡面表土磁化率变化特征分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2014, 28(4):330-333,336.
	LIU L H, LI F Q, WANG T Y, et al. Analysis on variation characteristics of surface soil susceptibility in yellow soil slope[J]. J Soil Water Conserv, 2014, 28(4):330-333,336.DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2014.04.061.
[14]	任建光. 北京地区表层土壤磁化率分布特征[J]. 山西大同大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 23(5):24-27.
	REN J G. Magnetic susceptibility properties of topsoil in Beijing[J]. J Shanxi Datong Univ (Nat Sci), 2007, 23(5):24-27.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0874.2007.02.008.
[15]	王小刚, 韩光中, 母娟, 等. 川中丘陵区紫色土坡面土壤侵蚀过程中基本理化性质与磁化率的演变特征[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2017, 35(3):345-352.
	WANG X G, HAN G Z, MU J, et al. Evolutional characteristics of basic soil properties and magnetic susceptibility during the purple soil slope erosion processes in the central Sichuan hilly region[J]. J Sichuan Agric Univ, 2017, 35(3):345-352.DOI: 10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.2017.03.010.
[16]	濮励杰, 包浩生. 土地退化方法应用初步研究:以闽西沙县东溪流域为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 1999, 14(1):55-61.
	PU L J, BAO H S. The application of the new methods on land degradation study a case study on dongxi river basin,western Fujian,China[J]. J Nat Resour, 1999, 14(1):55-61.
[17]	刘宝元, 阎百兴, 沈波, 等. 东北黑土区农地水土流失现状与综合治理对策[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2008, 6(1):1-8.
	LIU B Y, YAN B X, SHEN B, et al. Current status and comprehensive control strategies of soil erosion for cultivated land in the northeastern black soil area of China[J]. Sci Soil Water Conserv, 2008, 6(1):1-8.DOI: 10.16843/j.sswc.2008.01.001.
[18]	张兴义, 刘晓冰. 中国黑土研究的热点问题及水土流失防治对策[J]. 水土保持通报, 2020, 40(4):340-344.
	ZHANG X Y, LIU X B. Key issues of mollisols research and soil erosion control strategies in China[J]. Bull Soil Water Conserv, 2020, 40(4):340-344.DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2020.04.046.
[19]	郑粉莉, 张加琼, 刘刚, 等. 东北黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀特征与多营力复合侵蚀的研究重点[J]. 水土保持通报, 2019, 39(4):314-319.
	ZHENG F L, ZHANG J Q, LIU G, et al. Characteristics of soil erosion on sloping farmlands and key fields for studying compound soil erosion caused by multi-forces in mollisol region of northeast China[J]. Bull Soil Water Conserv, 2019, 39(4):314-319.DOI: 10.13961/j.cnki.stbctb.2019.04.049.
[20]	LIU L, ZHANG K L, ZHANG Z D, et al. Identifying soil redistribution patterns by magnetic susceptibility on the black soil farmland in northeast China[J]. CATENA, 2015, 129:103-111.DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2015.03.003.
[21]	YU Y, ZHANG K L, LIU L. Evaluation of the influence of cultivation period on soil redistribution in northeastern China using magnetic susceptibility[J]. Soil Tillage Res, 2017, 174:14-23.DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2017.05.006.
[22]	于悦, 崔红佳. 近30年来磁性示踪技术应用于土壤侵蚀领域的文献计量分析[J]. 土壤通报, 2022, 53(3):747-756.
	YU Y, CUI H J. Bibliometric analysis on soil erosion using soil magnetic susceptibility in past 30 years[J]. Chin J Soil Sci, 2022, 53(3):747-756.DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021101304.
[23]	CAO Z H, ZHANG Z D, ZHANG K L, et al. Identifying and estimating soil erosion and sedimentation in small Karst watersheds using a composite fingerprint technique[J]. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2020, 294:106881.DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2020.106881.
[24]	DING Z H, ZHANG Z D, LI Y C, et al. Characteristics of magnetic susceptibility on cropland and pastureland slopes in an area influenced by both wind and water erosion and implications for soil redistribution patterns[J]. Soil Tillage Res, 2020, 199:104568.DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2019.104568.
[25]	汪景宽, 徐香茹, 裴久渤, 等. 东北黑土地区耕地质量现状与面临的机遇和挑战[J]. 土壤通报, 2021, 52(3):695-701.
	WANG J K, XU X R, PEI J B, et al. Current situations of black soil quality and facing opportunities and challenges in northeast China[J]. Chin J Soil Sci, 2021, 52(3):695-701.DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021011103.
[26]	刘青松, 邓成龙. 磁化率及其环境意义[J]. 地球物理学报, 2009, 52(4):1041-1048.
	LIU Q S, DENG C L. Magnetic susceptibility and its environmental significances[J]. Chin J Geophys, 2009, 52(4):1041-1048.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.04.021.
[27]	陈明, 刘亮. 采样间隔对城市表土剖面磁化率变化的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 47(6):61-69.
	CHEN M, LIU L. Study on the effect of urban topsoil sampling interval on the variation pattern of magnetic susceptibility of soil profile[J]. J Nanjing For Univ(Nat Sci Ed), 2023, 47(6):61-69. DOI:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202203060.
[28]	吴才武, 夏建新, 段峥嵘. 土壤有机质测定方法述评与展望[J]. 土壤, 2015, 47(03): 453-460.
	WU C W, XIA J X, DUAN Z R. Review on detection methods of soil organic matter (SOM)[J]. Soils, 2015, 47(03): 453-460. DOI:10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2015.03.004.
[29]	辛刚, 颜丽, 汪景宽, 等. 不同开垦年限黑土有机质变化的研究[J]. 土壤通报, 2002, 33(5):332-335.
	XIN G, YAN L, WANG J H, et al. Changes of organic carbon in black soils with the different reclamation years[J]. Chin J Soil Sci, 2002, 33(5):332-335.DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2002.05.004.
[30]	刘刚, 闫静雯, 谢云, 等. 黑土坡耕地土壤有机质空间变异及其与土壤侵蚀的关系:以黑龙江省鹤山农场为例[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(11):1751-1758.
	LIU G, YAN J W, XIE Y, et al. Spatial variation of soil organic matter on black soil sloping cropland and its relationship with soil erosion:a case study of Heshan farm in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Sci Geogr Sin, 2016, 36(11):1751-1758.DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.11.019.
[31]	全国土壤普查办公室. 中国土壤[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1998.
	National Soil Census Office. China soil[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1998.
[32]	段兴武, 赵振, 刘刚. 东北典型黑土区土壤理化性质的变化特征[J]. 土壤通报, 2012, 43(3):529-534.
	DUAN X W, ZHAO Z, LIU G. The variations of soil physico-chemical properties since the second national soil survey in the northeast typical black soil regions[J]. Chin J Soil Sci, 2012, 43(3):529-534.DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2012.03.003.
[33]	翟国庆, 韩明钊, 李永江, 等. 坡地黑土侵蚀区和沉积区不同有机碳库分配特征[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2019, 47(11):86-90.
	ZHAI G Q, HAN M Z, LI Y J, et al. Distribution characteristics of different organic carbon pools of sloping black soil in erosion and deposition areas[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2019, 47(11):86-90.DOI: 10.13759/j.cnki.dlxb.2019.11.017.
[34]	ZHIDKIN A, FOMICHEVA D, IVANOVA N, et al. A detailed reconstruction of changes in the factors and parameters of soil erosion over the past 250 years in the forest zone of European Russia (Moscow region)[J]. Int Soil Water Conserv Res, 2022, 10(1):149-160.DOI: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2021.06.003.

Metrics

Comments

www.nldxb.njfu.edu.cn

Edited ＆ Published by Editorial Department of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition)
Address： No.159 Longpan Road,Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu,P.R.China
E-mail ：xuebao@njfu.edu.cn , xuebao@njfu.com.cn
Telephone +86-25-85428247,85427076
Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation P.O. Box 399, Beijing ,P.R. China

样线编号 transect code	开垦年限/a cultivation period	坡度/(°) slope	坡长/m length	坡向 aspect	采样点数/个 sampling number	采样深度/cm depth	剖面采样间隔/cm interval	土地利用类型 land use
A	110	2.2	1 500	北	12	100	5	耕地
CK_A	0	2.2	1 500	北	3	150	5	林地
B	60	2.4	900	西	11	60	3	耕地
CK_B	0	2.4	900	西	1	120	3	林地
C	30	2.8	560	北	12	60	5	耕地
CK_C	0	0	—	—	3	100	5	林地

样线 transect code	采样深度/ cm depth	剖面采样间隔/cm interval	χ_lf/×10^-8(m³·kg^-1)					χ_fd/%
样线 transect code	采样深度/ cm depth	剖面采样间隔/cm interval	最小值 min	最大值 max	均值 mean	标准差 SD	CV	最小值 min	最大值 max	均值 mean	标准差 SD	CV
A(110a)	0~100	5	2.9	87.7	20.1	17.1	0.9	1.7	11.6	6.5	2.6	0.4
CK_A	0~150	5	9.4	37.1	13.1	3.5	0.3	1.8	7.7	3.7	1.1	0.3
B(60a)	0~60	3	5.3	48.2	21.8	10.0	0.5	2.1	10.1	7.4	2.2	0.3
CK_B	0~100	3	10.5	40.9	22.9	12.3	0.5	2.7	9.6	3.7	3.4	0.9
C(30a)	0~60	5	2.8	90.6	18.0	8.9	0.5	2.3	10.8	5.9	2.1	0.4
CK_C	0~120	5	10.3	90.6	30.6	23.2	0.8	4.3	10.8	8.0	1.2	0.2

Spatio-temporal characteristic of soil loss on cropland slopes in different cultivation periods of the Black Soil Region in northeast China

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 6

References 34

Related Articles 4

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

Author

Reader

Reviewer

[1]	ZHANG Xiang, DING Mingming, LIN Jie, LI Zhuoyuan, CUI Linlin, GUO Geng, YANG Hao. Spatial differentiation of soil properties in hilly red soil region under water erosion [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(6): 77-84.
[2]	CHEN Ming, LIU Liang. Study on the effect of urban topsoil sampling interval on the variation pattern of magnetic susceptibility of soil profile [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(6): 61-69.
[3]	LIN Jie, ZHANG Xiang, JIANG Jiang, KUAI Jie, GUO Geng, MENG Miaojing, LI Xiao. A review on the soil organic carbon cycling under water erosion [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(6): 187-194.
[4]	JI Xiaolei,YANG Ping. Numerical analysis of the effects of roots on the slope reinforcement based on the roots forms [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2013, 37(02): 113-117.