PDF(4214 KB)
Exploration of dynamic changes of sound diversity based on acoustic index in the Shennongjia National Park, China
LUO Li, HOU Yanan, YANG Jingyuan, YU Xinwen, GAO Lingwang, OUYANG Xuan, YANG Minglun, GAO Jiajun, GUO Anqi, LIU Yukun
JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5) : 39-48.
PDF(4214 KB)
PDF(4214 KB)
Exploration of dynamic changes of sound diversity based on acoustic index in the Shennongjia National Park, China
【Objective】The study aims to evaluate the response of acoustic indices to the dynamic changes of animal sound diversity, further to explore the characteristics of the variation of animal sound diversity in Shennongjia National Park, China, in order to provide a quantitative basis for the local ecological protection. 【Method】We deployed nine sound recording equipments in nine sampling sites in Shennongjia National Park, and sound recording data from May to July 2021 were obtained. A time series of eco-acosutic indices including acoustic complexity index (ACI), bioacoustic index (BI), normalized difference soundscape index (NDSI) were extracted from the recording data after noise reduction processing. Further the summer dynamic characteristics of these three acoustic diversity indices were analyzed.【Result】Results showed that the variation of ACI was not obvious during the recording period, while BI showed a double peak variation, NDSI index showed a triple or four peak variation. Results of the Mann-Kendall mutagenicity test showed that ACI only had a mutations at a few sampling sites, while BI and NDSI had mutation at most of the sampling sites. And the analysis of daily variations on the date of the index mutation suggested that weather and human disturbance are the main causes of the index mutation. Results of daily changes of acoustic indices showed that the variation of ACI was not obvious also, while BI and NDSI had a obvious diurnal variation trend, which was consistent with the species of dawn/dusk chorus. The spatial variation of acoustic indexes with altitude gradient indicated that ACI and BI have the maximum value in the middle altitude area, and ACI has a strong correlation with the altitude, while the NDSI has no obvious change.【Conclusion】Our results demonstrated that BI and NDSI could better reflect the dynamic changes of animal sound diversity over time, and the changes of animal sound diversity in Shennongjia National Park showed a multi-peak variation during the recording period, and weather and human activities would cause the abrupt change. The ACI can well explain the spatial variation of animal sound diversity, and the maximum diversity was found in the middle altitude area.
acoustic index / biodiversity / acoustic complexity index (ACI) / bioacoustic index (BI) / normalized difference soundscape index (NDSI) / Shennongjia National Park
| [1] |
赵汉斌. 《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会通过“昆明宣言”[N]. 科技日报, 2021-10-14(1).
|
| [2] |
贺祚琛. 全球生物多样性保护再提速[J]. 生态经济, 2021, 37(12):1-4.
|
| [3] |
|
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
边琦, 王成, 郝泽周. 生物声音监测研究在生物多样性领域的应用[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(3):1119-1128.
声音是生物之间交流的重要手段,对生物声音的监测与分析是描述和评估生物多样性的新兴方法。这种方法不侵入和破坏自然环境,通过声音记录生态信息,并有效反映生物多样性的相关特征,是一种重要的生态工具。从声音角度探讨生物多样性的变化拓宽了多学科交叉的新思路,因此近年来被越来越多地应用于生态学研究中。本文阐述了利用声音监测评估生物多样性的主要理论基础和研究方法,从发声动物的生物多样性、声景的时空多样性两个方面介绍了相关领域的研究进展,列举了声音监测在评估土地利用变化、气候变化和城市化对生物多样性影响的应用实例。最后,对未来研究方向进行了展望,希望能进一步挖掘声音调查的发展潜力,为生物多样性的监测评估提供有效的借鉴和参考。
Sound is an important way of communication among organisms. The monitoring and analy-sis of biological sound is an emerging method to describe and evaluate biodiversity. This method does not invade or damage the natural environment. By recording ecological information through sound, it can effectively reflect the relevant characteristics of biodiversity. The sound-based exploration of biodiversity change has broadened the interdisciplinary approach and has been increasingly applied to ecological research. Here, we expounded on the main theoretical foundations and research methods of using acoustic monitoring to assess biodiversity. We introduced related research fields from two aspects, namely the biodiversity of vocal animals and the temporal and spatial diversity of soundscape. We presented examples of the application of acoustic monitoring to assess the impact of land-use change, climate change and urbanization on biodiversity. Finally, we proposed the future direction of development, and hope that the potential of sound surveys could be further explored to provide an effective reference for biodiversity monitoring and assessment.
|
| [7] |
|
| [8] |
|
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
Passive acoustic monitoring could be a powerful way to assess biodiversity across large spatial and temporal scales. However, extracting meaningful information from recordings can be prohibitively time consuming. Acoustic indices (i.e., a mathematical summary of acoustic energy) offer a relatively rapid method for processing acoustic data and are increasingly used to characterize biological communities. We examined the relationship between acoustic indices and the diversity and abundance of biological sounds in recordings. We reviewed the acoustic-index literature and found that over 60 indices have been applied to a range of objectives with varying success. We used 36 of the most indicative indices to develop a predictive model of the diversity of animal sounds in recordings. Acoustic data were collected at 43 sites in temperate terrestrial and tropical marine habitats across the continental United States. For terrestrial recordings, random-forest models with a suite of acoustic indices as covariates predicted Shannon diversity, richness, and total number of biological sounds with high accuracy (R ≥ 0.94, mean squared error [MSE] ≤170.2). Among the indices assessed, roughness, acoustic activity, and acoustic richness contributed most to the predictive ability of models. Performance of index models was negatively affected by insect, weather, and anthropogenic sounds. For marine recordings, random-forest models poorly predicted Shannon diversity, richness, and total number of biological sounds (R ≤ 0.40, MSE ≥ 195). Our results suggest that using a combination of relevant acoustic indices in a flexible model can accurately predict the diversity of biological sounds in temperate terrestrial acoustic recordings. Thus, acoustic approaches could be an important contribution to biodiversity monitoring in some habitats.© 2018 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.
|
| [11] |
|
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
\n\n\n\nA part of biodiversity assessment and monitoring consists in the estimation and track of the changes in species composition and abundance of animal communities. Such a task requires an important sampling over a broad‐scale time that is difficult to reach with classical survey methods. Acoustics may offer an alternative to usual techniques by recording the sound produced by vocal animals. Animal species that use sound for communication (sing and/or call) establish an acoustic community when they sing at the same time and at a particular place. The estimation of the acoustic community dynamics could provide indirect cues on what drives changes in community composition and species abundance.
|
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
The strong association between amphibian activity, breeding and recruitment with local environmental conditions raises concerns regarding how changes in climate may affect the persistence of species populations into the future. Additionally, in a highly diverse assemblage of anurans, competition for breeding sites affects the time and duration of activity, as species compete for limited resources such as water. Meteorological conditions are strong drivers of amphibian activity, so we assessed whether temperature, rainfall, atmospheric pressure and humidity were associated with the calling phenology of an assemblage of anurans in South East Queensland, Australia. We performed calling surveys and collected digital recordings at 45 ponds in an area known for high anuran diversity. We performed detection analyses to investigate the influence of 10 meteorological variables in detection of calling activity in 19 amphibian species. Our results suggest four breeding strategies in the assemblage: explosive summer breeders, prolonged breeders, opportunistic breeders and a winter breeder. Classifying these species into associations provides a framework for understanding how species respond to environmental conditions. Explosive breeders (i.e. species demonstrating short and highly synchronised breeding periods) were particularly responsive to temperature. Our findings help elucidate the breeding phenology of frogs and provide valuable information on their mating systems in native Australian forests. This study highlights the difficulties of surveying even common anurans. We highlight the importance of predictability and stability in climate and the vulnerability of species for which reproduction appears to require highly specific environmental cues.
|
| [17] |
|
| [18] |
|
| [19] |
侯亚男, 郭颖, 张旭, 等. 长时间序列声音指数在鸟类物种丰富度评价中的应用[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2021, 49(12):90-95,102.
|
| [20] |
侯亚男, 张旭, 郭颖, 等. 神农架声景构成及空间影响因素[J]. 森林与环境学报, 2022, 42(1):29-37.
|
| [21] |
Passive acoustic sensor-based soundscape analysis has become an increasingly important ecological method for evaluation of ecosystem conditions using acoustic indices. Understanding the soundscape composition and correlations between acoustic indices and species richness of birds, the most important sound source in the ecosystem, are of great importance for measuring biodiversity and the level of anthropogenic disturbance. In this study, based on yearlong sound data obtained from five acoustic sensors deployed in Dalongtan, Shennongjia National Park, we analyzed the soundscape composition by comparing the distributions of the soundscape power in different frequency ranges, and examined the correlations between acoustic indices and bird species richness by means of the Spearman rank correlation coefficient method. The diurnal dynamic characteristics of acoustic indices in different seasons were also described. Results showed that the majority of sounds were in the frequency of 2–8 kHz, in which over 50% sounds were in 2–6 kHz, commonly considered the bioacoustic frequency range. The Acoustics Complexity Index, Bioacoustic Index, and Normalized Difference Soundscape Index were significantly correlated with bird species richness, suggesting that these indices can be used for evaluation of bird species richness; Apparent diurnal dynamic patterns of bird acoustic activities were observed in spring, summer, and autumn; however, the intensity and duration of bird acoustic activities in summer is larger/longer than in spring and autumn.
|
| [22] |
|
| [23] |
|
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
|
| [26] |
|
| [27] |
游海林, 吴永明, 徐力刚, 等. 声音监测技术在鄱阳湖典型湿地鸟类多样性监测中的应用[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(9):3025-303.
|
| [28] |
\n\n\nEcoacoustics, the study of environmental sound, is a growing field with great potential for biodiversity monitoring. Audio recordings could provide a rapid, cost‐effective monitoring tool offering novel insights into ecosystem dynamics. More than 60 acoustic indices have been developed to date, which reflect distinct attributes of the soundscape, (i.e. the total acoustic energy at a given location, including noise produced by animals, machinery, wind and rain). However, reported patterns in acoustic indices have been contradictory, possibly because there is no accepted best practice for the collection and analysis of audio recordings.
|
| [29] |
|
| [30] |
|
| [31] |
|
| [32] |
Explanation of the spatial distribution patterns in species richness, and especially those of small-ranged species (endemics), bears relevance for studies on evolution and speciation, as well as for conservation management. We test a geometric constraint model, the mid-domain effect (MDE), as a possible explanation for spatial patterns of species richness in Palearctic songbirds (Passeriformes), with an emphasis on the patterns of small-ranged species. We calculated species richness based on digitised distribution maps of phylogenetic species of songbirds endemic to the Palearctic region. Data were plotted and analyzed over a one degree equal area map of the Palearctic Region, with a grid cell area of 4062 km². The emergent biogeographic patterns were analysed with WORLDMAP software. Comparison of the observed richness pattern among 2401 phylogenetic taxa of songbirds in the Palearctic Region with the predictions of a fully stochastic bi-dimensional MDE model revealed that this model has limited empirical support for overall species richness of Palearctic songbirds. Major hotspots were located south of the area where MDE predicted the highest species- richness, while some of the observed coldspots were in the centre of the Palearctic Region. Although small-ranged species are often found in areas with the highest species richness, MDE models have a very restricted explanatory power for the observed species-richness pattern in small-ranged species. Regions with a high number of small-ranged species (endemism hotspots) may contain a unique set of environmental conditions, unrelated to the shape or size of the domain, allowing a multitude of species to co-exist.
|
| [33] |
|
| [34] |
The factors determining gradients of biodiversity are a fundamental yet unresolved topic in ecology. While diversity gradients have been analysed for numerous single taxa, progress towards general explanatory models has been hampered by limitations in the phylogenetic coverage of past studies. By parallel sampling of 25 major plant and animal taxa along a 3.7 km elevational gradient on Mt. Kilimanjaro, we quantify cross-taxon consensus in diversity gradients and evaluate predictors of diversity from single taxa to a multi-taxa community level. While single taxa show complex distribution patterns and respond to different environmental factors, scaling up diversity to the community level leads to an unambiguous support for temperature as the main predictor of species richness in both plants and animals. Our findings illuminate the influence of taxonomic coverage for models of diversity gradients and point to the importance of temperature for diversification and species coexistence in plant and animal communities.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
