The cold island effect and its influence on urban parks in Fuzhou City, China

LIU Yanfen, HUANG Ruxian, AI Jinwen, YANG Liuqing, YU Kunyong, LIU Jian

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3) : 295-303.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
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JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3) : 295-303. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208048

The cold island effect and its influence on urban parks in Fuzhou City, China

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Abstract

【Objective】 Urban park represent an important land use strategy to mitigate the urban heat island effect. In this study, we analyzed the influences of urban park landscape features on the cold-island effect. We also determined the scale threshold of urban parks based on the urban park cooling threshold (TVoE) concept to assess the ability of urban parks to mitigate the urban thermal environment. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for designing urban parks that can mitigate the thermal environment with maximum efficiency. 【Method】 Using surface temperatures and land use data extracted from Landsat remote sensing image inversion, the buffer zone method was applied to calculate the characteristics of the cold-island effect in urban parks. We then quantified the cold-island effect in urban parks in Fuzhou City from three perspectives: cooling distance, magnitude, and gradient, and analyzed its influencing factors based on the landscape characteristics of urban parks. 【Result】 (1) Urban parks in Fuzhou City exhibited obvious cold-island effects. Specifically, the characteristic cooling distance was 0.1-0.6 km, the cooling magnitude was 0.02-8.50 ℃, and the cooling gradient was 0.04-17.00 ℃/km. (2) The temperature in urban parks and the cold-island effect index were negatively correlated with the area, perimeter, and shape index. According to the fitting results of the park temperature and cooling gradient curves, the urban park area threshold ranges from 0.768 to 50 hm2. (3) There were differences in the degree of the cold-island effect related to the ratios of green space and water body areas in urban parks. Based on the cold-island effect characteristics achieved by the smallest urban park area (0.768 hm2), the total green space and water body areas in urban parks with water bodies were greater than 53.39%, whereas the total green space area in urban parks without water bodies was greater than 72.46%. 【Conclusion】 The landscape characteristics of urban parks influence the cold-island effect and have threshold intervals. The design process for urban parks in Fuzhou City should control their areas in the range of 0.768-50 hm2. Landscape design that addresses green space and water areas and distributions would maximize the benefits of mitigating the urban thermal environment, thereby improving urban habitats in the limited urban landscape.

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urban park / cold island effect / buffer zone analysis / cooling threshold / Fuzhou City

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LIU Yanfen , HUANG Ruxian , AI Jinwen , et al . The cold island effect and its influence on urban parks in Fuzhou City, China[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2024, 48(3): 295-303 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208048

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