Research on the influence of non-agricultural employment on farmers’ domestic sewage discharge

JU Haiqin, ZHANG Hongxiao, CHEN Jia, JI Xing

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5) : 245-254.

PDF(1517 KB)
南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
PDF(1517 KB)
JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5) : 245-254. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208049

Research on the influence of non-agricultural employment on farmers’ domestic sewage discharge

Author information +
History +

Abstract

【Objective】The key point to achieve the goal of rural sewage treatment is emphasizing farmers’ participation. It is of great significance to study the sewage discharge behavior of non-agricultural employment farmers for promoting rural domestic sewage treatment under the background of the transfer of a large number of rural labor force to non-agricultural industries. 【Method】Taking 2 330 farmers from the Jiangsu Province as research subjects, the theoretical analysis framework of “non-agricultural employment-capital endowment-farmers’ sewage discharge behavior” was constructed. Then, the conditional mixed process estimation method (CMP method) and mediation effect model were used to empirically analyze the mechanisms of non-agricultural employment on farmers’ sewage discharge behavior. 【Result】After considering the possible endogeneity problem, it was found that non-agricultural employment can significantly enhance the adoption of farmers’ sewage discharge behavior, and had a obvious inhibitory effect on random discharge. Additionally, various forms of capital endowment had a significant mediating role in the impact of non-agricultural employment on sewage discharge behavior, which confirms the importance of capital endowment in guiding and regulating the sewage discharge behavior of non-agricultural employment farmers. 【Conclusion】Guiding non-agricultural employment households to participate in the sewage treatment of villages is beneficial for rural sewage treatment. The goal of guiding and regulating the sewage discharge behavior of farmers can be achieved through village collective activities, providing sewage treatment education and training, broadening the income sources of farmers.

Key words

non-agricultural employment / farmers’ domestic sewage / sewage discharge behavior / capital endowment / mediating effect model

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations
JU Haiqin , ZHANG Hongxiao , CHEN Jia , et al. Research on the influence of non-agricultural employment on farmers’ domestic sewage discharge[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2023, 47(5): 245-254 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208049

References

List( Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within ) Chart analysis
[1]
王昶, 王力, 曾明, 等. 我国农村生活污水治理的现状分析和对策探究[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2022, 39(2):283-292.
WANG C, WANG L, ZENG M, et al. Status and countermeasure for the treatment of rural domestic sewage in China[J]. J Agric Resour Environ, 2022, 39(2):283-292. DOI:10.13254/j.jare.2021.0615.
Cited in this article [1]
[2]
高生旺, 黄治平, 夏训峰, 等. 农村生活污水治理调研及对策建议[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2022, 39(2):276-282.
GAO S W, HUANG Z P, XIA X F, et al. Investigation and countermeasures of rural domestic sewage treatment[J]. J Agric Resour Environ, 2022, 39(2):276-282. DOI:10.13254/j.jare.2021.0852.
Cited in this article [1]
[3]
唐林, 罗小锋, 张俊飚. 环境政策与农户环境行为:行政约束抑或是经济激励:基于鄂、赣、浙三省农户调研数据的考察[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2021, 31(6):147-157.
TANG L, LUO X F, ZHANG J B. Environmental policies and farmers’ environmental behaviors: administrative restriction or economic incentive-based on the survey data of farmers in Hubei, Jiangxi and Zhejiang Provinces[J]. China Popul Resour Environ, 2021, 31(6):147-157.
Cited in this article [1]
[4]
郭利京, 赵瑾. 农户亲环境行为的影响机制及政策干预:以秸秆处理行为为例[J]. 农业经济问题, 2014, 35(12):78-84,112.
GUO L J, ZHAO J. Influence mechanism and policy intervention of farmers’ pro-environment behavior: taking straw treatment behavior as an example[J]. Issues Agric Econ, 2014, 35(12):78-84,112. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7465.2012.01.004.
Cited in this article [1]
[5]
李芬妮, 张俊飚, 何可. 非正式制度、环境规制对农户绿色生产行为的影响:基于湖北1105份农户调查数据[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(7):1227-1239.
https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2019.07.04
Abstract
依靠非正式制度与环境规制规范农户生产行为,对于推动农业绿色转型和实现农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以少耕免耕技术、有机肥施用技术和秸秆还田技术为例,构建多变量Probit模型,利用湖北省1105份农户调研数据,分析了非正式制度、环境规制对农户绿色生产行为的影响。研究发现：①非正式制度和环境规制对农户绿色生产行为均存在促进作用,非正式制度中的价值导向、惩戒监督和传递内化可促进农户的绿色生产行为,而环境规制中的引导规制和激励规制对农户绿色生产行为亦具有积极作用。②环境规制中的约束规制未通过显著性检验,表明当前环境规制存在“相对性制度失灵”现象,在约束农户生产行为方面效果欠佳。③非正式制度与环境规制对农户绿色生产行为存在一定的交互影响,非正式制度可作为环境规制的替代机制,推动农户参与绿色生产行为。基于此,本文认为,非正式制度在推动农户绿色生产行为中未能得到足够重视,是导致环境规制陷入“相对性制度失灵”的重要原因,今后,既要继续加强环境规制在农民绿色生产中的作用,更要培育非正式制度,构建非正式制度与正式制度相互支撑、相互融合的互动机制,从而为诱导和推进农户绿色生产行为创造软硬结合的规制体系。
LI F N, ZHANG J B, HE K. Impact of informal institutions and environmental regulations on farmers’ green production behavior: based on survey data of 1105 households in Hubei Province[J]. Resour Sci, 2019, 41(7):1227-1239. DOI:10.18402/resci.2019.07.04.
Cited in this article [1]
[6]
王珊珊, 张广胜. 非农就业对农户碳排放行为的影响研究:来自辽宁省辽中县的证据[J]. 资源科学, 2013, 35(9):1855-1862.
WANG S S, ZHANG G S. The impact of off-farm employment on the agricultural carbon emission behavior of farmers[J]. Resour Sci, 2013, 35(9):1855-1862.
Cited in this article [1]
[7]
杜三峡, 罗小锋, 黄炎忠, 等. 风险感知、农业社会化服务与稻农生物农药技术采纳行为[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2021, 30(7):1768-1779.
DU S X, LUO X F, HUANG Y Z, et al. Risk perception, specialized agricultural services and rice farmers’ adoption behavior of biological pesticide technology[J]. Resour Environ Yangtze Basin, 2021, 30(7):1768-1779. DOI:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj202107023.
Cited in this article [1]
[8]
丰军辉, 何可, 张俊飚. 家庭禀赋约束下农户作物秸秆能源化需求实证分析:湖北省的经验数据[J]. 资源科学, 2014, 36(3):530-537.
FENG J H, HE K, ZHANG J B. Family endowments constrain farmer demand for energy utilization of crop straws[J]. Resour Sci, 2014, 36(3):530-537.
Cited in this article [1]
[9]
黄蕊, 李桦, 杨扬, 等. 环境认知、榜样效应对半干旱区居民亲环境行为影响研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2018, 32(12):1-6.
HUANG R, LI H, YANG Y, et al. Impact of environmental awareness and model effect on environmental friendly behaviors for residents in semiarid areas[J]. J Arid Land Resour Environ, 2018, 32(12):1-6. DOI:10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2018.357.
Cited in this article [2]
[10]
畅倩, 李晓平, 谢先雄, 等. 非农就业对农户生态生产行为的影响:基于农业生产经营特征的中介效应和家庭生命周期的调节效应[J]. 中国农村观察, 2020(1):76-93.
CHANG Q, LI X P, XIE X X, et al. The influence of non-agricultural employment on farmers’ ecological production behavior: based on the mediating effect of agricultural production and management characteristics and the regulating effect of family life cycle[J]. China Rural Surv, 2020(1):76-93. DOI:10.12062/cpre.20181023.
Cited in this article [1]
[11]
李煜阳, 陆迁, 贾彬, 等. 劳动力外出务工对农户水土保持技术采用的影响:基于集体行动参与的中介效应[J]. 资源科学, 2021, 43(6):1088-1098.
https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2021.06.03
Abstract
在农村劳动力转移的趋势下,黄土高原农户在时间禀赋恒定条件下的劳动力配置逐渐成为采用水土保持技术的关键因素,探究二者关系对于提高技术采用率、减少水土流失、改善生态环境具有重要意义。本文利用黄土高原区1197份农户的调查数据,使用Probit模型,主要考察了农户劳动力外出务工行为及时间长短对水土保持技术采用的影响,进一步运用逐步检验法,检验了农户参与集体行动对外出务工影响水土保持技术采用的中介效应。研究结果表明：①总体上,劳动力外出务工会促进其水土保持技术的采用。但异质性分析表明,随着劳动力外出务工时间延长,农户对农业收入依赖性降低,削弱了农户水土保持技术的采取。②农户参与村集体行动是劳动力转移影响农户水土保持技术采用行为的渠道之一,具有部分中介效应,证实了集体行动模式在水土保持技术应用推广中的价值。此外,农业经营决策者的受教育程度、务农年限与农户家庭的邻里互助、技术改善认知以及政府的技术推广活动均对农户的水土保持技术采用行为具有显著的正向影响。本文不仅提供了劳动力转移趋势下水土保持技术扩散的研究证据,对健全村集体行动以促进技术采用也具备一定的经验价值。
LI Y Y, LU Q, JIA B, et al. Effects of labor migration on farmers’ soil and water conservation technology adoption decisions: the mediation effect of participation in collective actions[J]. Resour Sci, 2021, 43(6):1088-1098. DOI:10.18402/resci.2021.06.03.
Cited in this article [1]
[12]
唐林, 罗小锋, 余威震. 外出务工经历、制度约束与农户环境治理支付意愿[J]. 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 21(1):121-132.
TANG L, LUO X F, YU W Z. Migrant work experience,institutional constraints and farmers’ willingness to pay for environmental governance[J]. J Nanjing Agric Univ (Soc Sci Ed), 2021, 21(1):121-132. DOI:10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.2017.12.003.
Cited in this article [1]
[13]
SCOTT M. Re-theorizing social network analysis and environmental governance: insights from human geography[J]. Prog Hum Geogr, 2014, 39(4):449-463. DOI:10.1177/0309132514554322.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0309132514554322
Cited in this article [1] Abstract
There are growing calls for social network analysis methods to be more extensively deployed in environmental governance practice. A key claim is that social network analysis can generate knowledge to build trust, enable consensus, and facilitate the dissemination of information necessary to make environmental protection ‘successful’. By bringing social network analysis into dialogue with heterodox social theories relevant to human geographers and cognate social scientists, this article destabilizes such claims. It is argued that the current application of social network analysis enacts a particular moral and political emphasis on resilience and participation, which readily works with the grain of hegemonic environmental governance.
[14]
王博, 朱玉春. 劳动力外流与农户参与村庄集体行动选择:以农户参与小型农田水利设施供给为例[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2018, 32(12):49-54.
WANG B, ZHU Y C. Labour outflow and participation of farmers in village collective action: farmers’ participation in the supply and maintenance of irrigation facilities[J]. J Arid Land Resour Environ, 2018, 32(12):49-54. DOI:10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2018.364.
Cited in this article [1]
[15]
贾蕊, 陆迁. 外出务工、女性决策对农户集体行动参与程度的影响:以陕西、甘肃、宁夏3个省份农户调研数据为例[J]. 农业技术经济, 2019(2):122-134.
JIA R, LU Q. The influence of migrant workers and women’s decision-making on farmers’ participation in collective action: taking the survey data of farmers in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia as examples[J]. J Agrotech Econ, 2019(2):122-134. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-2697.2012.03.019.
Cited in this article [2]
[16]
孙前路, 乔娟, 李秉龙. 家庭资本禀赋与劳动力外流对牧民养殖技术需求的影响:基于西藏885户肉羊养殖户的入户调查[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2018, 23(5):178-190.
SUN Q L, QIAO J, LI B L. Study on the influence of family capital endowment and migration labor on the herdsman’s technical requirement of breeding: based on household survey from 885 sheep farmers in Tibet[J]. J China Agric Univ, 2018, 23(5):178-190. DOI:10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2018.05.21.
Cited in this article [1]
[17]
李卓, 陈银蓉, 朱庆莹, 等. 农地转出对农户生计策略影响的区域差异研究——基于生计资本的中介效应分析[J]. 林业经济, 2021, 43(10):21-36.
LI Z, CHEN Y R, ZHU Q Y, et al. Study on the regional differences of the impact of farmland transferring on farmer’s livelihood strategies: analysis of the mediation effect based on livelihood capital[J]. For Econo, 2021, 43(10):21-36.
Cited in this article [3]
[18]
杨思宇, 杨江华. 生计资本对农户参与村庄环境治理意愿的影响研究:基于水平与结构的双重视角分析[J]. 南京工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2022, 21(3):34-47,115.
YANG S Y, YANG J H. The impact of livelihood capital on peasant’s willingness to participate in rural environment governance: from the dual perspectives of capital level and structure[J]. J Nanjing Tech Univ (Soc Sci Ed), 2022, 21(3):34-47,115.
Cited in this article [1]
[19]
唐林, 罗小锋, 黄炎忠, 等. 劳动力流动抑制了农户参与村域环境治理吗? ——基于湖北省的调查数据[J]. 中国农村经济, 2019(9):88-103.
TANG L, LUO X F, HUANG Y Z, et al. Does labor mobility inhibit farmers’ participation in village environmental Governance? an analysis based on survey data from Hubei Province[J]. Chin Rural Econ, 2019(9):88-103.
Cited in this article [1]
[20]
唐林, 罗小锋, 黄炎忠, 等. 主动参与还是被动选择:农户村域环境治理参与行为及效果差异分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2019, 28(7):1747-1756.
TANG L, LUO X F, HUANG Y Z, et al. Active participation or passive choice: analysis of the participation behaviors and effects of village domain environmental governance[J]. Resour Environ Yangtze Basin, 2019, 28(7):1747-1756. DOI:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201907024.
Cited in this article [1]
[21]
张童朝, 颜廷武, 何可, 等. 资本禀赋对农户绿色生产投资意愿的影响:以秸秆还田为例[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2017, 27(8):78-89.
ZHANG T C, YAN T W, HE K, et al. Impact of capital endowment on peasants’ willingness to invest in green production: taking crop straw returning to the field as an example[J]. China Popul Resour Environ, 2017, 27(8):78-89. DOI:10.12062/cpre.20170422.
Cited in this article [1]
[22]
李芬妮, 张俊飚, 何可. 资本禀赋、归属感对农户参与村域环境治理的影响[J]. 华中农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2021(4):100- 107,182-183.
LI F N, ZHANG J B, HE K. Influence of capital endowment and sense of belonging on farmers’ participation in village environmental governance[J]. J Huazhong Agric Univ (Soc Sci Ed), 2021(4):100- 107,182-183. DOI:10.13300/j.cnki.hnwkxb.2021.04.012.
Cited in this article [2]
[23]
朱庆莹, 陈银蓉, 袁凯华, 等. 资本禀赋与农户耕地保护支付意愿关系:基于城镇近郊区与城镇远郊区的对比分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2020, 29(8):1885-1895.
ZHU Q Y, CHEN Y R, YUAN K H, et al. Research on the relationship between capital endowment and farmers’ willingness to pay for cultivated land protection: comparing the suburban and outer suburbs[J]. Resour Environ Yangtze Basin, 2020, 29(8):1885-1895. DOI:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj202008020.
Cited in this article [1]
[24]
张丽娟. 非农就业对农户是否选择购买地下水灌溉服务的影响:基于跨度16年5轮实地追踪调查数据的实证分析[J]. 中国农村经济, 2021(5):124-144.
ZHANG L J. The Influence of non-agricultural employment on farmers’ choice of purchasing groundwater irrigation services: an empirical analysis based on the data of five rounds of field tracking survey spanning 16 years[J]. Chin Rural Econ, 2021(5):124-144. DOI:10.13300/j.cnki.hnwkxb.2020.01.005.
Cited in this article [2]
[25]
齐振宏, 汪熙琮, 何坪华. 外出务工经历对农户稻虾共养技术采纳规模的影响研究:基于生计资本的中介效应[J]. 农林经济管理学报, 2021, 20(4):438-448.
QI Z H, WANG X C, HE P H. Influence of experience as migrant workers on farmers’ adoption scale of rice and shrimp co-culture technology: a study based on intermediary effect of capital[J]. J Agro For Econ Manag, 2021, 20(4):438-448. DOI:10.16195/j.cnki.cn36-1328/f.2021.04.46.
Cited in this article [2]
[26]
孙燕铭. 乡城劳动力迁移下的农村人力资本积累:理论分析与启示[J]. 江淮论坛, 2016(1):17-26.
SUN Y M. Rural human capital accumulation under the migration of rural-urban labor force: theoretical analysis and enlightenment[J]. Jianghuai Tribune, 2016(1):17-26. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-862X.2016.01.003.
Cited in this article [1]
[27]
徐超, 吴玲萍, 孙文平. 外出务工经历、社会资本与返乡农民工创业:来自CHIPS数据的证据[J]. 财经研究, 2017, 43(12):30-44.
XU C, WU L P, SUN W P. Migrant working experience, social capital and entrepreneurship of migrant workers returning home: evidence from CHIPS data[J]. J Finance Econ, 2017, 43(12):30-44.
Cited in this article [1]
[28]
BODIN Ö, MANCILLA GARCIA M, ROBINS G. Reconciling conflict and cooperation in environmental governance: a social network perspective[J]. Annu Rev Environ Resour, 2020, 45(1):25. DOI:10.1146/annurev-environ-011020-064352.
Cited in this article [2]
[29]
陈媛媛, 傅伟. 土地承包经营权流转、劳动力流动与农业生产[J]. 管理世界, 2017(11):79-93.
CHEN Y Y, FU W. Transfer of land contractual management right, labor flow and agricultural production[J]. Manag World, 2017(11):79-93. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-5502.2017.11.007.
Cited in this article [1]
[30]
DE B A. Seasonal migration and agricultural production in Vietnam[J]. J Dev Stud, 2010, 46(1):114-139.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380903197986
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220380903197986
Cited in this article [1]
[31]
王晓焕, 李桦, 张罡睿. 生计资本如何影响农户亲环境行为?——基于价值认知的中介效应[J]. 农林经济管理学报, 2021, 20(5):610-620.
WANG X H, LI H, ZHANG G R. How does livelihood capital affect farmers’ pro-environment behavior? mediating effect based on value perception[J]. J Agro For Econ Manag, 2021, 20(5):610-620. DOI:10.16195/j.cnki.cn36-1328/f.2021.05.63.
Cited in this article [1]
[32]
贾亚娟, 赵敏娟. 生活垃圾污染感知、社会资本对农户垃圾分类水平的影响:基于陕西1374份农户调查数据[J]; 资源科学, 2020, 42(12):2370-2381.
https://doi.org/10.18402/resci.2020.12.09
Abstract
农户是生活垃圾分类的源头主体,其分类水平的高低直接关系着农村生活垃圾分类治理的成效,关系着美丽乡村建设的成败。基于农户分类行为的微观数据,本文结合“个体层面”与“集体层面”因素,分析生活垃圾污染感知、社会资本对农户生活垃圾分类水平的影响机理,并运用Ordered Probit模型对陕西农村1374份农户调查数据进行了实证检验。结果表明：①“个体层面”的生活垃圾污染感知对农户分类水平具有明显提升作用,农户对生活垃圾在生态环境、社区环境以及身心健康方面产生的污染及影响感知越强,其生活垃圾分类水平越高;②“集体层面”社会资本中的社会网络、制度信任、社会参与及社会规范显著提升农户生活垃圾分类水平,但人际信任对其分类水平并无显著影响,说明社会交往频率较高、制度信任度较高、积极参与农村垃圾治理公共事宜以及认为村庄垃圾治理较好的农户,其分类水平较高;③女性的生活垃圾分类水平相较于男性更高一些,低收入家庭相对于高收入家庭的分类水平更高。因此,要实现生活垃圾可持续分类治理,全面建设生态宜居新农村,不仅要强化农户污染感知,而且需要构建良好的社区环境,通过网络沟通以及信息共享加强农户交往频率、提高农户的制度信任度以及公共事务参与度、强化社区约束机制,提升农户生活垃圾分类水平。
JIA Y J, ZHAO M J. Impact of domestic waste pollution perception and social capital on the farming households’ sorting of waste:based on the survey of 1374 farming households in Shaanxi Province[J]. Resour Sci, 2020, 42(12):2370-2381. DOI:10.18402/resci.2020.12.09.
Cited in this article [1]
[33]
苏淑仪, 周玉玺, 蔡威熙. 农村生活污水治理中农户参与意愿及其影响因素分析:基于山东16地市的调研数据[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2020, 34(10):71-77.
SU S Y, ZHOU Y X, CAI W X. Analysis of farmers’ willingness of involvement in rural domestic sewage treatment[J]. J Arid Land Resour Environ, 2020, 34(10):71-77. DOI:10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2020.271.
Cited in this article [1]
[34]
赵艺华, 周宏. 社会信任、奖惩政策能促进农户参与农药包装废弃物回收吗?[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2021, 35(4):17-23.
ZHAO Y H, ZHOU H. Can social trust and policy of rewards and punishments promote farmers’ participation in the recycling of pesticide packaging waste?[J]. J Arid Land Resour Environ, 2021, 35(4):17-23. DOI:10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2021.093.
Cited in this article [1]
[35]
温忠麟, 叶宝娟. 中介效应分析:方法和模型发展[J]. 心理科学进展, 2014, 22(5):731-745.
https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1042.2014.00731
Abstract
在心理学和其他社科研究领域, 大量实证文章建立中介效应模型, 以分析自变量对因变量的影响过程和作用机制。检验中介效应最流行的方法是Baron和Kenny的逐步法, 但近年来不断受到批评和质疑, 有人甚至呼吁停止使用其中的依次检验, 改用目前普遍认为比较好的Bootstrap法直接检验系数乘积。本文对相关的议题做了辨析, 并讨论了中介分析中建立因果关系的方法。综合新近的研究成果, 总结出一个中介效应分析流程, 并分别给出显变量和潜变量Mplus程序。最后介绍了中介效应模型的发展。
WEN Z L, YE B J. Analyses of mediating effects: the development of methods and models[J]. Adv Psychol Sci, 2014, 22(5):731-745. DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2014.00731.
Cited in this article [1] Abstract
<p>Mediation models are frequently used in the research of psychology and other social science disciplines. Mediation indicates that the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable is transmitted through a third variable, which is called mediator. In most applied research, Baron and Kenny&rsquo;s (1986) causal steps approach has been used to test mediating effect. In recent years, however, many methodological researchers questioned the rationality of the causal steps approach, and some of them even attempted to stop its use. Firstly, we clarify the queries on the causal steps approach one by one. Secondly, we propose a new procedure to analyze mediating effects. The new procedure is better than any single method that constitutes the procedure in terms of Type I error rate and power. The proposed procedure can be conducted by using observed variables and/or latent variables. Mplus programs are supplied for the procedure with observed variables and/or latent variables. Finally, this article introduces the development of mediation models, such as mediation model of ordinal variables, multilevel mediation, multiple mediation, moderated mediation, and mediated moderation.</p>
PDF(1517 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail
Sections
Recommended
The full text is translated into English by AI, aiming to facilitate reading and comprehension. The core content is subject to the explanation in Chinese.

Author

Reader

Reviewer

www.nldxb.njfu.edu.cn

Edited ＆ Published by Editorial Department of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition)
Address： No.159 Longpan Road,Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu,P.R.China
E-mail ：xuebao@njfu.edu.cn , xuebao@njfu.com.cn
Telephone +86-25-85428247,85427076
Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation P.O. Box 399, Beijing ,P.R. China

/

〈 〉