Progresses of gypsums for the improvement of saline-alkaline soil

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209047

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 1-8.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209047

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Progresses of gypsums for the improvement of saline-alkaline soil

JIN Mingji¹(), ZHOU Yanhong¹^,²(), WEN Bolong², LIU Liang³, LIU Hongyuan²^,^*()

1. College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanbian 133002, China
2. Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
3. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2022-09-22 Revised:2022-12-09 Online:2023-03-30 Published:2023-03-28

Abstract

Abstract:

Saline-alkaline soil is not suitable for farming because of its low fertility, consolidation, poor biological activity, low temperature, high salt content and other obstacles. However, the national food security strategy of “Secure the rice bowl in China” requires more efforts to “ask for grains from saline-alkaline land”. Practical experiences have proved that the application of natural or industrial by-product gypsum can effectively improve the properties of saline-alkaline soil, thus increasing the productivity of saline-alkaline land.This study compares the progress of related research at home and abroad for more than 100 years, reviews and summarizes the existing research results of gypsum improvement of saline-alkaline soil, and intends to providea theoretical basis for the improvement and comprehensive promotion of the gypsum improvement technology system. It is intended to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement and comprehensive promotion of the gypsum technology system for improving saline-alkaline soil.The analysis suggests that numerous studies conducted since 1895 have revealed the mechanisms based on the cation exchange process and immobilization process, established several formulas for calculating the suitable application amount, shown that soil bulk density, thickness of soil modification layer, exchangeable sodium percentage and soil cation exchange capacity are representative factors influencing the appropriate amount of gypsum application, and the method of gypsum application based on the degree of saline-alkaline soil was developed. The beneficial effects of gypsum application on soil physical and chemical biology were clarified. At present, the application of gypsum to improve saline-alkaline soil needs to be accompanied by irrigation measures, and the quota is generally 150-200 m³ of gypsum per 666.67 m². The best method is the continuous irrigation such as sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation, and different saline-alkaline soil and crop characteristics require different application amounts and irrigation methods. The existing research and practical results provide strong support for the efficient use of saline-alkaline soil. However, there is still a need to further integrate and unify the appropriate application formula. The calculation formula of suitable application amounts should be further integrated and unified, and the calculation method should be established across regions and applicable to various scenarios. The biogeochemical processes of passively introduced elements should be studied in depth, and the response mechanism of soil ecosystem should be revealed; the monitoring level of ecological and environmental risks brought by gypsum application should be improved, and the long-term dynamic quantitative assessment should be carried out.

Key words: saline-alkaline soil, gypsum, suitable application amount, application method, improvement effect

CLC Number:

S156.4

JIN Mingji, ZHOU Yanhong, WEN Bolong, LIU Liang, LIU Hongyuan. Progresses of gypsums for the improvement of saline-alkaline soil[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(2): 1-8.

Figures/Tables 3

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

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石膏种类 gypsum category	重要成分占比/% proportion of important components							pH	电导率/ (mS·cm^-1) electrical conductivity	SOC 质量分数/ % SCO content	有效养分含量/(mg·kg^-1) nutrient content
石膏种类 gypsum category	CaSO₄· 2H₂O	CaO	SO₂	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	MgO	pH	电导率/ (mS·cm^-1) electrical conductivity	SOC 质量分数/ % SCO content	AN	AP	AK
天然石膏natural gypsum	≥79	32.50	36.72	0.97	3.37	0.58	1.64	6.5~7.0	7.50	—	—	—	—
磷石膏phosphogypsum	≥90	33.04	43.38	0.18	9.45	0.04	0.40	1.5~4.5	1.56	2.67	0.02	6.24	1.86
脱硫石膏 flue gas desulfurization gypsum	≥93	30.89	43.62	0.86	2.15	0.29	0.04	5.0~9.0	2.60	0.16	14.20	0.00	14.15

编号 No.	计算公式 calculation equation	适宜施用量/(t·hm^-2) suitable application amount	参考文献号 reference No.
1	G_R=0.086×E_Na×D×H	10.17	[23]
2	G_R=0.086×(E_Na-K×E_Na)×D×H×α	13.73	[24] [25]
3	G_R=0.086×W_CEC×(W_ESP-W_ESPf)×D×H×F	9.13	[26] [27] [28]
4	G_R=(0.086×E_Na+0.172×X+0.086×Y)×D×H/η	23.91	[29]
5	G_R=0.015×(5.738×W_CEC×(W_ESP- W_ESPf)+5.736×W_ZEP-1.881)×D×H/(R×η)	28.62	[19]
6	G_R=(87.28×W_ESP +4.412)×D×H/η 仅适用于内蒙古、宁夏、吉林等典型盐碱地分布区	12.33	[19]

Progresses of gypsums for the improvement of saline-alkaline soil

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