Effects of thinning on Larix olgensis plantation stem form based on TLS

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202211012

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 85-94.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202211012

Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of thinning on Larix olgensis plantation stem form based on TLS

GAO Xieyu(), DONG Lihu, HAO Yuanshuo()

School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2022-11-08 Revised:2022-12-28 Online:2023-11-30 Published:2023-11-23

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The study explored the feasibility of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technology to evaluate the stem form, and analyzed the influence of different thinning measures on the stem form of Larix olgensis plantations. 【Method】 Five sample plots of L. olgensis plantations with different thinning measures in the Mengjiagang Forest Farm, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, were used to acquire TLS data. The preprocessed point clouds were first segmented into individual trees and classified into stem and non-stem points. Parameters that included diameter breast height, tree height, and diameter at different heights were further extracted. Finally, the indices of individual tree stem forms were calculated, theoretical timber was made, and the effects of different thinning measures on L. olgensis plantation stem form and stand economic value were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared to field-measured trees, the accuracy of individual tree characteristic parameters extracted based on TLS data was satisfactory. The error results of diameter breast height showed that ME was only -0.39 cm, MAPE was 2.86%, ME extracted from tree height was -0.26 m, and MAPE was 3.12%. All thinning measures improved the diameter breast height and volume growth of individual trees. There was no significant difference in tree height among the different thinning measures. The stem form indices of trees, such as and the volume distribution mode, differed in the different thinning methods, with the stem volume more distributed in the middle of the stem. Stem forms of different sizes did not significantly differ at the same site. The different thinning methods had no effect on the degree of tree root extension. Different thinning measures improved the economic value of stands in different degrees. 【Conclusion】 TLS exhibits high precision in extracting parameters of individual trees and can be used to obtain the dry shape characteristics of individual trees without destructive sampling. Different thinning measures have different effects on tree stem form and economic value of stands. The two high-intensity thinning measures can maximize the economic value of stands. These results provide a reference for forestry production practices in northeast China.

Key words: Larix olgensis, thinning measestrial, terrestrial laser scanning(TLS), stem form

CLC Number:

S758

GAO Xieyu, DONG Lihu, HAO Yuanshuo. Effects of thinning on Larix olgensis plantation stem form based on TLS[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(6): 85-94.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Table 5

References 33

[1]	韩飞. 落叶松人工林削度方程的研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北林业大学, 2010.
	HAN F. The study of taper equation for Larix Olgensis plantation[D]. Harbin: Northeast Forest University, 2010.
[2]	SANQUETTA M N, MCTAGUE J P, FERRACO S H, et al. What factors should be accounted for when developing a generalized taper function for black wattle trees?[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2020, 50(11): 1113-1123. DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2020-0163.
[3]	LIU Y, YUE C F, WEI X H, et al. Tree profile equations are significantly improved when adding tree age and stocking degree: an example for Larix gmelinii in the Greater Khingan Mountains of Inner Mongolia, northeast China[J]. European Journal of Forest Research, 2020, 139(3): 443-458.DOI: 10.1007/s10342-020-01261-z.
[4]	LI R, WEISKITTEL A R. Comparison of model forms for estimating stem taper and volume in the primary conifer species of the north American Acadian region[J]. Annals of Forest Science, 2010, 67(3): 302. DOI: 10.1051/forest/2009109.
[5]	MÄKINEN H, ISOMÄKI A. Thinning intensity and growth of Norway spruce stands in Finland[J]. Forestry, 2004, 77(4): 349-364. DOI: 10.1093/forestry/77.4.349.
[6]	BEESE W J, ARNOTT J T. Montane alternative silvicultural systems (MASS): establishing and managing a multi-disciplinary, multi-partner research site[J]. The Forestry Chronicle, 1999, 75(3): 413-416. DOI: 10.5558/tfc75413-3
[7]	IGNACIO B, MARTA P, RAFAEL C, et al. Effect of stand structure on Stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) regeneration dynamics[J]. Journal of Forest Researc. 2008, 81(5): 617-629. DOI: 10.1093/forestry/cpn037.
[8]	陈哲, 魏浩亮, 周庆营, 等. 抚育间伐对华北落叶松人工林林分结构的影响[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2022, 42(5): 54-64.
	CHEN Z, WEI H L, ZHOU Q Y, et al. Influence of tending and thinning on the stand structure of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2022, 42(5): 54-64. DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2022.05.006.
[9]	LIANG X, KANKARE V, YU X, et al. Automated stem curve measurement using terrestrial laser scanning[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2014, 52(3): 1739-1748. DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2253783.
[10]	KANKARE V, HOLOPAINEN M, VASTARANTA M, et al. Individual tree biomass estimation using terrestrial laser scanning[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2013, 75: 64-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.10.003.
[11]	DISNEY M, HOLOPAINEN M, VASTARANTA M, et al. Fast automatic precision tree models from terrestrial laser scanner data[J]. Remote Sensing, 2013, 5(2): 491-520. DOI: 10.3390/rs5020491.
[12]	SAARINEN N, KANKARE V, VASTARANTA M, et al. Feasibility of terrestrial laser scanning for collecting stem volume information from single trees[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2017, 123: 140-158. DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.11.012.
[13]	HACKENBERG J, MORHART C, SHEPPARD J, et al. Highly accurate tree models derived from terrestrial laser scan data: a method description[J]. Forests, 2014, 5(5): 1069-1105. DOI: 10.3390/f5051069.
[14]	SAARINEN N, KANKARE V, PYÖRÄLÄ J, et al. Assessing the effects of sample size on parametrizing a taper curve equation and the resultant stem-volume estimates[J]. Forests, 2019, 10(10):848-868. DOI: 10.3390/f10100848.
[15]	VILLE L, YRTTIMAA T, KANKARE V, et al. Revealing changes in the stem form and volume allocation in diverse boreal forests using two-date terrestrial laser scanning[J]. Forests, 2021, 12(7): 835-855. DOI: 10.3390/F12070835.
[16]	顾海波, 熊子月, 温小荣, 等. 基于地基激光数据的杨树干形分析[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2019, 39(6): 72-77.
	GU H B, XIONG Z Y, WEN X R, et al. Analysis of poplar stem form based on terrestrial laser scan[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2019, 39(6): 72-77. DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2019.06.011.
[17]	SAARINEN N, KANKARE V, YRTTIMAA T, et al. Assessing the effects of thinning on stem growth allocation of individual Scots pine trees[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2020, 474: 118134. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118344.
[18]	孙志虎, 王秀琴, 陈祥伟. 不同抚育间伐强度对落叶松人工林生态系统碳储量影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2016, 38(12): 1-13.
	SUN Z H, WANG X Q, CHEN X W. Effects of thinning intensity on carbon storage of Larix olgensis plantation ecosystem[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2016, 38(12): 1-13. DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20160016.
[19]	ZHAO X, GUO Q, SU Y, et al. Improved progressive TIN densification filtering algorithm for airborne LiDAR data in forested areas[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2016, 117: 79-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.03.016.
[20]	TAO S, WU F, GUO Q, et al. Segmenting tree crowns from terrestrial and mobile LiDAR data by exploring ecological theories[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2015, 110: 66-76. DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.10.007.
[21]	YRTTIMAA T, SAARINEN N, KANKARE V, et al. Investigating the feasibility of multi-scan terrestrial laser scanning to characterize tree communities in southern boreal forests[J]. Remote Sensing, 2019, 11(12): 1423. DOI: 10.3390/rs11121423.
[22]	李凤日. 测树学[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2019: 1-397.
	LI F R. Forest mensuration[M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 2019: 1-397.
[23]	JONSSON B. Thinning response functions for single trees of Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 1995, 10(1/4): 353-369. DOI: 10.1080/02827589509382902.
[24]	TOMMI R, MARTTI V. Precommercial thinning in naturally regenerated Scots pine stands in northern Finland[J]. Silva Fennica, 1997, 31(4): 401-415. DOI: 10.14214/sf.a8537.
[25]	VALINGER E, SJÖGREN H, NORD G, et al. Effects on stem growth of Scots pine 33 years after thinning and/or fertilization in northern Sweden[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 2019, 34(1): 33-38. DOI: 10.1080/02827581.2018.1545920.
[26]	MÄKINEN H, ISOMÄKI A. Thinning intensity and long-term changes in increment and stem form of Scots pine trees[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2004, 203(1): 21-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.028.
[27]	MÄKINEN H, HYNYNEN J, ISOMÄKI A. Intensive management of Scots pine stands in southern Finland: first empirical results and simulated further development[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2005, 215(1): 37-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.069.
[28]	王树力, 刘大兴. 落叶松人工林林分结构与数量成熟龄的研究[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 1992, 20(2): 1-8.
	WANG S L, LIU D X. Study on the stand constitution and the quantitative mature age of larch plantation[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 1992, 20(2): 1-8. DOI:10.13759/j.cnki.dlxb.1992.02.001
[29]	孙楠, 张怡春, 赵眉芳. 长白落叶松人工林根系生物量及其垂直分布特征[J]. 森林工程, 2021, 37(6):17-24, 67.
	SUN N, ZHANG Y C, ZHAO M F. Root biomass and vertical distribution characteristics of larch plantation[J]. Forest Engineering, 2021, 37(6):17-24, 67.
[30]	SMITH D, LARSON B, KELTY M, et al. The practice of silviculture: applied forest ecology[M]. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1997.
[31]	VALENTINE H T, GREGOIRE T G. A switching model of bole taper[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2001, 31(8): 1400-1409. DOI: 10.1139/x01-061.
[32]	LIANG X, KANKARE V, HYYPPÄ J, et al. Terrestrial laser scanning in forest inventories[J]. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2016, 115:63-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.01.006.
[33]	MÄKINEN H, ISOMÄKI A. Thinning intensity and long-term changes in increment and stem form of Norway spruce trees[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2004, 201(2): 295-309. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.017.

Related Articles 13

[1]	SUN Yu, LI Fengri, XIE Longfei, DONG Lihu. Construction of the stand-level biomass model of Larix olgensis plantations based on stand and topographic factors [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(3): 129-136.
[2]	SONG Lei, JIN Xingji, PUKKALA Timo, LI Fengri. Research on multi-objective management schedules of Larix olgensis plantations [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(2): 150-158.
[3]	TANG Yiren, JIA Weiwei, WANG Fan, SUN Yuman, ZHANG Ying. Constructing a biomass model of Larix olgensis primary branches based on TLS [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(2): 130-140.
[4]	NIE Luyi, DONG Lihu, LI Fengri, MIAO Zheng, XIE Longfei. Construction of taper equation for Larix olgensis based on two-level nonlinear mixed effects model [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(3): 194-202.
[5]	ZHENG Ying, FENG Jian, YU Shihe, LU Aijun, WANG Qin, WANG Qianchun. Effects of initial planting density on growth and stem form of four Larix clones [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(6): 72-80.
[6]	ZHAO Yinghui, YANG Haicheng, ZHEN Zhen. Tree height estimations for different forest canopies in natural secondary forests based on ULS, TLS and ultrasonic altimeter systems [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(4): 23-32.
[7]	HE Mengying, DONG Lihu, LI Fengri. Tree crown length prediction models for Larix olgensis and Fraxinus mandshurica in mixed plantations with different mixing methods [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(4): 13-22.
[8]	OU Jiande, WU Zhizhuang, KANG Yongwu. Effects of mixing proportion on the growth, stem form quality and spatial utilizataion ability of Manglietia yuyuanensis in mixed forests with Cunninghamia lanceolata and M. yuyuanensis [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(1): 89-96.
[9]	GAO Huilin, DONG Lihu, LI Fengri. Modelling outer crown profile for planted Pinus koraiensis and Larix olgensis trees in Heilongjiang Province, China [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2018, 61(03): 10-18.
[10]	OU Jiande, WU Zhizhuang. Early judgment and disposal technology for stem form abnormity of Taxus chinensis var. mairei plantation [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2017, 60(03): 95-99.
[11]	LIU Zhilong, MA Yue, CHEN Honghui, LIU Guangjin, LI Hongguo, QUAN Zhaokong, MO Huihua, MENG Mingjun. A study on selection standard for superior tree of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2014, 57(05): 153-156.
[12]	Pan Huixin Huang Minren Li Huogen Wang Minxiu. Research on the Genetic Variation of New Clonal Stem Form Traits in Populus Deltoides [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 1999, 42(05): 1-6.
[13]	Wu Rong ling, Wang Mingxiu, Huang Minren, Lu Shixing, Xu Xizeng & Xu Nong. STUDIES OF NEW CLONES OF THE AIGEIROS SECTION——V. The Relationships of Tree Crown Structure with Stem Form improvement [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 1988, 31(03): 1-14.

Metrics

Comments

www.nldxb.njfu.edu.cn

Edited ＆ Published by Editorial Department of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition)
Address： No.159 Longpan Road,Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu,P.R.China
E-mail ：xuebao@njfu.edu.cn , xuebao@njfu.com.cn
Telephone +86-25-85428247,85427076
Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation P.O. Box 399, Beijing ,P.R. China

样地号 plot No.	间伐次数 thinning number	间伐林龄/a thinning plantation age	间伐强度/% thinning intensity
1	0	—	—
2	4	17、24、29、43	17.1、5.8、13.5、14.1
3	3	17、24、43	23.8、23.6、15.3
4	2	17、43	23.1、24.3
5	2	17、43	35.6、43.4

样地号 plot No.	株数 number of trees	林分密度/ (株·hm^-2) stand density	林分断面积/ (m²·hm^-2) BAS	单木因子tree factors
				最大值 max		最小值 min		平均值 mean		标准差 SD
				H/m	D/cm	H/m	D/cm	H/m	D/cm	H/m	D/cm
1	248	1 240	42.44	28.9	33.9	12.1	8.8	23.76	19.38	3.759	4.927
2	241	1 205	42.94	29.5	32.7	13.6	10.2	24.48	20.22	3.671	4.888
3	220	1 100	40.81	29.8	32.7	15.4	10.2	24.72	20.23	3.321	4.888
4	182	910	35.58	29.8	33.5	15.5	11.9	25.45	21.04	3.279	4.484
5	123	879	40.23	28.1	35.4	18.8	16.7	24.78	23.07	2.227	3.478

变量 variable	含义 attribute	说明 description
V	材积	每0.1 m分段平均断面积分区求积
f_1.3	胸高形数	f₁_.₃=V/[(π/4)×D²×H]
q₂	胸高形率	q₂=d₀_.₅/D
R_HD	高径比	R_HD=H/D
V_bot	底部材积	树干下部30%部分的材积
V_mid	中段材积	树干中部50%部分的材积
V_top	顶部材积	树干上部20%部分的材积
r_bot	底部材积占比	r_bot=V_bot/V
r_mid	中部材积占比	r_mid=V_mid/V
r_top	顶部材积占比	r_top=V_top/V
q_bot	树干下部直径与胸径比	q_bot=d_0.6/D
q_top	树干上部高径比	q_top=(H-H_0.6)/d_0.6
q_0.15	根张系数	q_0.15=d_0.15/d₀
q_b	胸径与地径的比值	q_b=D/d₀

变量 variable	平均误差 ME	平均绝对误差 MAE	平均绝对误差百分比/% MAPE	均方根误差 RMSE	相关系数 R
D	-0.391 9	0.610 8	2.864 1	0.829 0	0.988 1
H	-0.263 7	0.715 0	3.121 9	1.679 1	0.972 6
V	0.013 1	0.034 1	7.975 3	0.045 5	0.982 3

样地号 plot No.	V_T/ (m³·hm^-2)	V₁/ (m³·hm^-2)	r₁	V₂/ (m³·hm^-2)	r₂	V₃/ (m³·hm^-2)	r₃
1	536.5	422.0	0.787	8.2	0.015	106.1	0.198
2	526.6	414.9	0.788	8.6	0.016	120.5	0.229
3	491.9	387.6	0.788	8.8	0.018	115.7	0.235
4	441.7	349.4	0.791	6.9	0.016	96.6	0.219
5	524.2	417.5	0.796	11.5	0.022	166.5	0.318

Effects of thinning on Larix olgensis plantation stem form based on TLS

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 12

References 33

Related Articles 13

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

Author

Reader

Reviewer