Analysis of the physicochemical properties and flammability of the plant leaves of typical plants in Chongli District of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303033

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 239-244.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303033

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Analysis of the physicochemical properties and flammability of the plant leaves of typical plants in Chongli District of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province

MU Yunjie¹(), GAO Demin¹^,^*(), LONG Tengteng², GUO Zaijun³, NIU Haifeng³

1. College of Information Science and Technology,School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. College of Fire Fighting, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
3. Zhangjiakou City Academy of Forestry Sciences, Zhangjiakou 075000, China

Received:2023-03-30 Revised:2024-01-30 Online:2024-11-30 Published:2024-12-10
Contact: GAO Demin E-mail:muyunjie@njfu.edu.cn;dmgao@njfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study analyzed the physicochemical and combustion characteristics of the leaves of eight typical plants in Chongli District of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, the study aimed to provide insights for assessing the risk of local forest fires and their sustainable management.【Method】Based on the distribution patterns of the typical land surface types and natural conditions in Chongli District of Zhangjiakou City, eight plant species, including Betula platyphylla, Pinus tabuliformis, Larix gmelinii, Corylus heterophylla, shrubs, herbs, Prunus sibirica, and P. sylvestris var. mongolica were selected as the research objects. Leaves were collected from pure forest segments with high vegetation coverage, and their physicochemical properties were determined. The combustion characteristics of the leaves of these eight plant species were determined by principal component analysis. The leaves were additionally categorized based on their combustion levels by cluster analysis.【Result】The combustion intensity of the leaves ranged from strongest to weakest in the following order: P. sylvestris var. mongolica, B. platyphylla, herbs, P. sibirica, C. heterophylla, P. tabuliformis, L. gmelinii, and shrubs. The leaves were classified into three categories by principal component analysis and cluster analysis, namely, the highly combustible, moderately combustible, and most easily combustible groups. The highly combustible category included L. gmelinii, P. tabuliformis, and scrub plants. The moderately combustible category comprised B. platyphylla, C. heterophylla, herbs, and P. sibirica, while the most easily combustible category included P. sylvestris var. mongolica.【Conclusion】 L. gmelinii, P. tabuliformis, and shrub plants exhibited the lowest combustion propensity, thus posing as minimal wildfire hazards. Conversely, the combustion propensity of P. sylvestris var. mongolica was highest, indicating an elevated risk of wildfires. Therefore, targeted attention and preventive measures are imperative for controlling wildfires in Chongli District. The findings provide crucial evidence for predicting forest fires in Chongli District of Zhangjiakou City, and advocates the implementation of measures such as biological fire prevention and controlled burning during forestry operation.

Key words: plant leaves, physicochemical properties, combustion characteristics, forest fire risk, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, Chongli District, Zhangjiakou City

CLC Number:

S762

MU Yunjie, GAO Demin, LONG Tengteng, GUO Zaijun, NIU Haifeng. Analysis of the physicochemical properties and flammability of the plant leaves of typical plants in Chongli District of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(6): 239-244.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

References 29

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植物 plants	含水率/% moisture content	粗脂肪质量分数/% crude fat concentration	灰分质量分数/% ash contertration	热值/(J·kg^-1) calorific value	燃点/℃ flash point
落叶松Larix gmelinii	44±16	9.12±3.25	24.64±9.89	12 089.72±3 394.08	291.41±8.95
白桦Betula platyphylla	54±14	9.98±2.67	15.83±5.25	16 411.29±2 150.34	288.58±8.71
榛Corylus heterophylla	58±7	9.89±2.79	12.44±5.71	15 517.12±2 194.02	282.22±4.65
油松Pinus tabuliformis	21±13	8.46±1.46	16.21±8.74	15 965.32±3 194.39	282.33±5.26
灌杂shrubs	53±0	7.67±0.00	10.00±0.00	16 519.88±0.00	276.33±0.00
草本类herbs	62±9	10.30±3.30	13.10±6.20	15 730.42±2 475.03	286.23±4.09
山杏Prunus sibirica	52±0	10.67±0.00	17.33±0.00	13 849.28±0.00	285.67±0.00
樟子松Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	32±0	12.33±0.00	5.67±0.00	16 046.21±0.00	302.33±0.00

理化性质 physicochemical properties	含水率 moisture content	粗脂肪质量分数 crude fat concentration	灰分质量分数 ash concentration	热值 calorific value	燃点 flash point
含水率moisture content	1	0.032	-0.247	0.214	-0.020
粗脂肪质量分数crude fat concentration	0.032	1	-0.167	0.275	-0.154
灰分ash concentration	-0.247	-0.167	1	-0.778	0.198
热值calorific value	0.214	0.275	-0.778	1	-0.236
燃点flash point	-0.020	-0.154	0.198	-0.236	1

因子 common factor	特征根 characteristics of the root	方差贡献率/% variance contribution rate	累计方差贡献率/% cumulative variance contribution rate	旋转前主成分 main component before the rotation			旋转后主成分 main component after the rotation
因子 common factor	特征根 characteristics of the root	方差贡献率/% variance contribution rate	累计方差贡献率/% cumulative variance contribution rate	1	2	3	1	2	3
含水率moisture content	2.029	40.585	40.585	-0.265	-0.218	0.936	-0.084	-0.012	0.993
粗脂肪质量分数 crude fat concentration	1.734	34.689	75.274	0.859	0.325	0.337	0.962	0.143	0.100
灰分质量分数ash concentration	1.006	20.121	95.396	-0.686	0.680	-0.020	-0.249	-0.934	-0.018
热值calorific value	-	-	-	0.362	-0.888	-0.129	-0.162	0.954	-0.025
燃点flash point	-	-	-	0.787	0.574	-0.011	0.932	-0.083	-0.269

植物plants	y₁	y₂	y₃	y	等级 grade
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	-1.333	-0.285	-0.136	-0.667	Ⅲ
白桦 Betula platyphylla	0.171	0.679	0.405	0.386	Ⅱ
榛 Corylus heterophylla	-0.2333	-0.449	0.748	-0.100	Ⅱ
油松 Pinus tabuliformis	-0.587	0.294	-2.112	-0.561	Ⅲ
灌杂shrubs	-1.150	-0.889	-0.177	-0.811	Ⅲ
草本类herbs	0.153	-0.044	1.085	0.265	Ⅱ
山杏Prunus sibirica	-0.274	-0.333	0.649	-0.096	Ⅱ
樟子松Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	3.254	1.027	-0.463	1.584	Ⅰ

Analysis of the physicochemical properties and flammability of the plant leaves of typical plants in Chongli District of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province

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