Research on the ecological compensation mechanism and standards for Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202309044

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 21-27.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202309044

Special Issue: 专题报道：自然保护地森林生态系统研究

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Research on the ecological compensation mechanism and standards for Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park

YAO Hongwen¹(), WANG Shihong², ZHU Chenghao¹, LI Zuohui¹^,^*(), CHENG Linghong³, LIAN Jihe⁴, LIN Jie⁵

1. Forest Resource Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, China
2. Zhejiang Forestry Survey Planning and Design Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310020, China
3. Management Bureau of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Kaihua 324300, China
4. Baishanzu Management Bureau of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Lishui 323000, China
5. College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037,China

Received:2023-09-28 Revised:2024-03-14 Online:2024-09-30 Published:2024-10-03
Contact: LI Zuohui E-mail:yaohongwen2005@163.com;379937228@qq.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The study aims to establish a sound ecological compensation standard, which will provide a sustainable and stable financial guarantee for the construction of national parks. 【Method】 Taking the Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park as an example, this study calculated the upper and lower range of the national park compensation standard by comparing the difference values of provincial public welfare forests inside and outside the national park with regulating services and opportunity cost losses. 【Result】 Considering the value of forest ecosystem regulation services and opportunity cost losses comprehensively, the value of provincial public welfare forests within the national park reached 47 237.01 yuan/(hm²·a).Among them, the value of provincial public welfare forests regulating service function was 45 672.53 yuan/(hm²·a), which was 13 306.25 yuan/(hm²·a) higher than outside the scope, and the value of each regulating service was higher than that outside the implementation area. The opportunity cost loss of public welfare forests within the national park was 1 564.48 yuan/(hm²·a), which still showed a gap of 841.48 yuan/(hm²·a) compared with the current highest compensation standard of 723 yuan/(hm²·a) of the provincial public welfare forests. 【Conclusion】 At present, there was still a large gap between the ecological compensation standard implemented in Qianjiangyuan-Baisanzu National Park and that calculated based on the regulating service unit area and opportunity cost. In the future, we suggest that the compensation standard be gradually increased year by year, taking into account the actual development needs of the National Park.

Key words: Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, ecosystem service value, opportunity cost, ecological compensation, compensation standard calculation

CLC Number:

S757.2

YAO Hongwen, WANG Shihong, ZHU Chenghao, LI Zuohui, CHENG Linghong, LIAN Jihe, LIN Jie. Research on the ecological compensation mechanism and standards for Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(5): 21-27.

Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Indicators and evaluation methods of forest ecosystem regulatory services of 2021"

指标 index	物质量 ecosystem product amount	价值量 ecosystem product value	参数说明 parameter description	参数来源 parameter sources
水源涵养 water conservation	Q_wr= $∑ i = 1 n$ 10×A_i×K_f×(P_i-R_i-E_i)	V_wr=Q_wr×C	Q_wr为森林生态系统水源涵养总量,m³;A_i为第i类森林生态系统的面积,hm²;K_f为森林生态系统功能调整系数;P_i为第i类森林生态系统的年产流降雨量,mm;R_i为第i类森林生态系统的年地表径流量,mm;E_i为第i类森林生态系统的年蒸发量,mm;n为森林生态系统类型的数量;V_wr为森林生态系统水源涵养总价值,元;C为水价,元/m³	降雨量参考浙江省及周边气象站点30年的降雨量。蒸散率、地表径流量参数参照文献[22-24]。水价为1.02元/m³
土壤保持 soil retention	Q_sr= $∑ i = 1 n$ (d₀-d_i)×A_i×K_f	V_sr=λ× $Q s r ρ$ ×C₁	Q_sr森林生态系统土壤保持总量,t;d_i第i类森林生态系统土壤侵蚀模数,t/hm²;d₀无立木林地平均土壤侵蚀模数,t/hm²;A_i第i类森林生态系统的面积,hm²; V_sr为森林生态系统土壤保持总价值,元;λ为森泥沙淤积系数;ρ为森土壤容重,t/m³;C₁为单位水库清淤工程费用,元/m³	土壤侵蚀模数、土壤容重参数参照文献[25-26]。泥沙淤积系数取24%。水库单位库容清淤工程费用26.82元/m³
洪水调蓄 flood regulation and storage	C_fc= $∑ i = 1 n$ (P_l,_i-R_f,_i)×A_i× K_f×10 R_f,_i=p_i×β_i	V_wm=C_fc×(C_we+C_wo)	C_fc为森林生态系统洪水调蓄量,m³;P_l,_i为第i类森林生态系统年暴雨降雨量,mm;R_f,_i为第i类森林生态系统年暴雨径流量,mm;β_i为第i类森林生态系统的平均地表暴雨径流系数;V_wm为森林生态系统洪水调蓄总价值,元;C_we为水库单位库容的工程造价,元/m³;C_wo为水库单位库容的运营成本,元/m³	暴雨降雨量和暴雨径流量参数参照文献[27]
空气净化 air purification	Q_ap= $∑ i = 1 n 1 ∑ j = 1 m$ Q_ij×A_i×K_f	V_ap= $∑ i = 1 n 2$ Q_ap×C_i	Q_ap为大气污染物净化总量,t;Q_ij为第i类森林生态系统对第j种大气污染物的单位面积年净化量,t/hm²;n_l为核算地域大气污染物类型的数量;V_ap为森林生态系统空气净化总价值,元;C_i为第i类大气污染物的治理成本,元/t;n₂为大气污染物类型的数量	净化二氧化硫量、氮氧化物量参数参照文献[25,27],净化二氧化硫和氮氧化物的治理成本使用浙江省排污权交易网价格19 057.44元/t、151 40.87元/t
固定二氧化碳 carbon sequestration	$Q C O 2$ = $M C O 2 M C$ ×ΔC	V_cf= $Q C O 2$ × $C C O 2$	$Q C O 2$ 为森林生态系统固碳量,t(CO₂量); $M C O 2$ /M_C为CO₂与C的分子量之比,即44/12;ΔC为前后两期森林生态系统碳储量差值,t;V_cf为森林生态系统固碳总价值,元; $C C O 2$ 为碳交易价格,元
释放氧气 oxygen release	Q_or= $M O 2 M C O 2$ × $Q C O 2$	V_or=Q_or×C_or	Q_or为森林生态系统释氧量,t; $M O 2$ / $M C O 2$ 为O₂与CO₂的分子量之比,即32/44; $Q C O 2$ 为森林生态系统固碳量,t(CO₂量);V_or为森林生态系统释氧总价值,元;C_or为氧气制造成本,元/t	采用浙江省单株生物量模型计算生物量,模型见文献[25]。再通过含碳系数将生物量转换为碳储量[28]。固定二氧化碳采用碳交易价格,即全国碳排放权交易市场43.84元/t;氧气价格1 225.00元/m³
提供负离子 provide negative ions	Q_noi= $∑ i = 1 n 3 5.256 × 1015 × T n o i, i × H i × K f L$	V_noi= $∑ i = 1 n$ 5.256×10¹⁵× H_i×K_f×C_noi/L	Q_noi为森林生态系统提供负离子数量,个;T_noi,_i为森林生态系统实测林分负离子浓度,个/m³;H_i为第i类森林生态系统实测林分高度,m;L为负离子寿命,min;V_noi为森林生态系统提供负离子总价值,元;C_noi为负离子生产费用,元/个;n₃为森林生态系统类别数	参考文献[29],负离子生产价格5.97×10^-18元/个
调整系数 adjustment coefficient	K_a= $b B$	K_b=0.4K₁+0.6K₂= 0.4 $G i G -$ +0.6 $h i h -$	K_a为乔木林的调整系数;b为评估林分生物量,t;B为平均林分生物量,t;K_b为竹林、经济林和灌木林的调整系数;K₁为植被覆盖度系数;K₂为高度系数;G_i为竹林、经济林、灌木林盖度,%; $G -$ 为全部竹林、经济林、灌木林平均盖度,%;h_i为竹林、经济林、灌木林经济林高度,m; $h -$ 为全部竹林、经济林、灌木林平均高度,m	—

Table 1

Table 2

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调节服务 regulating service	统计类别 accounting categorie	范围内 within the national park	范围外 outside the national park
	面积/hm² area	62 084.37	33 4920.64
水源涵养 water conservation	物质量/(×10⁴ m³)	50 873.38	232 284.05
	价值量/万元	51 890.85	236 929.73
	单位面积价值量/(元·hm^-2)	8 358.12	7 074.21
土壤保持 soil retention	物质量/(×10⁴ m³)	306.55	1 361.58
	价值量/万元	1 604.69	7 198.39
	单位面积价值量/(元·hm^-2)	258.47	214.93
洪水调蓄 flood regulation and storage	物质量/(×10⁴ m³)	34 971.84	144 951.80
	价值量/万元	104 216.09	431 956.47
	单位面积价值量/(元·hm^-2)	16 786.20	12 897.28
空气净化 air purification	物质量/(×10⁴ m³)	0.73	3.34
	价值量/万元	12 780.27	58 642.34
	单位面积价值量/(元·hm^-2)	2 058.53	1 750.93
固定二氧化碳 carbon sequestration	物质量/(×10⁴ m³)	118.48	365.90
	价值量/万元	5 360.18	16 553.21
	单位面积价值量/(元·hm^-2)	863.37	494.24
释放氧气 oxygen release	物质量/(×10⁴ m³)	86.17	266.11
	价值量/万元	105 557.76	325 981.54
	单位面积价值量/(元·hm^-2)	17 002.31	9 733.10
提供负离子 provide negative ions	物质量/(×10⁴ m³)	63 399.88	228 183.23
	价值量/万元	2 145.17	6 751.71
	单位面积价值量/(元·hm^-2)	345.52	201.59
合计 total	价值量/万元	283 555.01	1 084 013.39
	单位面积价值量/(元·hm^-2)	45 672.53	32 366.28

Research on the ecological compensation mechanism and standards for Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park

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