Research on the cooling effect of parks in Nanjing based on multi-source data

ZHU Yunfeng, WANG Hong, QIN Shuhong, YANG Yi, WANG Yicong

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3) : 285-294.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
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JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3) : 285-294. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202310019

Research on the cooling effect of parks in Nanjing based on multi-source data

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Abstract

【Objective】 The study aimed to quantify the cooling effect of parks using the inflection point method, and to determine the area and perimeter thresholds of parks with an efficient cooling effect. The internal and external characteristics of urban parks and their influence on the cooling effect was analyzed based on multi-source data. 【Method】 The radiative transfer method was used to retrieve the surface temperature from Landsat-8 remote sensing images on September 13, 2019, and the land cover was classified using the random forest method based on Gaofen-2 remote sensing images. The area of interest (AOI) on the Baidu map was used to determine the boundaries of 83 parks. The inflection point method was used to determine the cooling intensity and cooling distances of parks. The relationship between the cooling effect of parks and three influencing factors, namely, features of the landscape, internal park environment, and external park environment, was determined by correlation analysis and the SHAP analysis. 【Result】 The cooling threshold of parks encompassed an area of 18-19 hm2 with a perimeter of about 1.9-2.0 km. The results of feature indicator analysis revealed that the cooling effect of parks can be reduced by a high proportion of construction land and a high patch density within the parks, but enhanced by a high proportion of waterbodies and green spaces. Parks with a smaller area-weighted perimeter ratio had a higher cooling efficiency. The structural parameters and physiological characteristics of the vegetation had a significant influence on the cooling effect of parks. The cooling distances of parks increased was higher in the proportion of vegetation with better growth and greater canopy height. Soil moisture also played a crucial role in the cooling effect of parks. However, the cooling effect was weakened by the presence of surrounding buildings of greater height and a higher road density outside the parks. 【Conclusion】 The cooling effect of parks is influenced by internal and external landscape features and environmental characteristics. The cooling effect of parks can be enhanced by improving the integrity of the landscape, ensuring the distribution of green spaces and waterbodies, and cultivating high-quality vegetation, to mitigater the urban heat island effect.

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city parks / urban heat island / cold island effect / multi-source data / inflection point method / SHAP analysis / Nanjing City

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ZHU Yunfeng , WANG Hong , QIN Shuhong , et al . Research on the cooling effect of parks in Nanjing based on multi-source data[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2024, 48(3): 285-294 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202310019

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