【Objective】 This study elucidated the horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of Chimonobambusa in China. Using model simulation methods, we analyzes the key factors influencing its distribution, providing a scientific basis for the development, utilization, and conservation of Chimonobambusa germplasm resources.【Method】 The study employed the ArcGIS spatial analyst tools and the MaxEnt model, integrating eight environmental variables and 340 distribution records. We examined the spatial distribution, distribution types, density, species richness, and influencing factors of Chimonobambusa. 【Result】Chimonobambusa species are widely distributed, with their primary centers located in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Chongqing. They are predominantly found in the middle subtropical broadleaf evergreen forest northern subzone, with altitudes between 1 000 and 2 000 meters exhibiting the highest species diversity. Intrageneric differences in spatial distribution are significant. Model simulations reveal that precipitation and temperature are the primary factors limiting the distribution of Chimonobambusa. Furthermore, the potential distribution areas predicted by the model closely align with the actual observed distributions. 【Conclusion】 China possesses abundant Chimonobambusa resources, with their distribution strongly correlated with the country’s vegetation and climatic regionalization. These plants thrive in environments characterized by relatively low temperatures, humid climates, and high rainfall. The findings hold significant value for the sustainable development and conservation of local bamboo resources and the preservation of species diversity in China.