Attractiveness evaluation of country-side parks based on gravity model

ZHANG Fan, LIU Yufei, QIU Yuqian, QIU Bing

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4) : 233-240.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
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JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4) : 233-240. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202312021

Attractiveness evaluation of country-side parks based on gravity model

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Abstract

【Objective】This research aims to identify factors influencing the attractiveness of country-side parks, construct a specialized evaluation system, and provide a theoretical basis for improving visitation rates and utilization rates, thereby enhancing the green space benefits of country-side parks.【Method】A three-dimensional analytical framework of push, pull, and resistance factors was constructed to evaluate the entire process of visitors’ perception of the attractiveness of country-side parks. Four well-developed country-side parks in Nanjing were selected for questionnaire surveys. SPSS 22.0 was used to conduct factor analysis and principal component analysis on the data. The weights of each indicator and factor were calculated using specific formulas. The weights and indicator scores were then incorporated into a gravity model to obtain comprehensive evaluation scores, which were compared with visitor ratings and online reviews.【Result】Within the push factor dimension, the influences of relaxation, social and cognitive experiences, and self-fulfillment and achievement were comparable, with self-fulfillment and achievement and social and cognitive experiences having slightly higher impacts. In the pull factor dimension, natural environment, science education, and service facilities exhibited significant influences. In the resistance factor dimension, time and economic costs were the most impactful. The attractiveness scores derived from the gravity model were largely consistent with visitor ratings and online reviews, demonstrating that the constructed evaluation system for country-side park attractiveness holds theoretical significance for the planning, design, and enhancement of country-side parks.【Conclusion】This study developed a unique evaluation system for the attractiveness of country-side parks, distinct from other types of green spaces. By incorporating push, pull, and resistance factors, the evaluation system enriches the perspective of visitor assessments for country-side parks. The attractiveness enhancement strategies proposed based on the weight results provide a scientific basis for increasing visitor flow and utilization rates of country-side parks.

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country-side park / attractiveness evaluation / gravity model / factor analysis / principal component analysis(PCA)

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ZHANG Fan , LIU Yufei , QIU Yuqian , et al. Attractiveness evaluation of country-side parks based on gravity model[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2025, 49(4): 233-240 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202312021

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