Response of Carabidae insects in different habitats of broad-leaved mixed forest and adjacent Pinus koraiensis plantation forest

WANG Jiasheng, TONG Jiaqi, ZHAO Hongrui, LIU Wanting, ZHANG Jiahang

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5) : 200-208.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
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JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5) : 200-208. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202402013

Response of Carabidae insects in different habitats of broad-leaved mixed forest and adjacent Pinus koraiensis plantation forest

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Abstract

【Objective】To characterize the community structure and diversity of Carabidae insects in different habitats in broad-leaved mixed forest and adjacent Pinus koraiensis plantation forest following farmland conversion to forests, to identify indicator or monitor species to investigate the edge effect in the study area and to elucidate the role of P. koraiensis plantation forests in the maintenance of diversity.【Method】During May to September in 2017 and 2018, the study area was divided into three habitats—Pinus koraiensis plantation forest, ecotone, and broad-leaved mixed forest-based on distance gradients. Using the pitfall trapping method, 27 pitfall traps were deployed in each habitat to continuously trap and collect Carabidae insects over two years. Collected specimens were subsequently classified and identified based on morphological characteristics. One-way ANOVA was used to assess differences in Carabidae insects community structure and α-diversity indices. Pearson correlation coefficients were employed to examine correlations among these α-diversity indices. Hill diversity rarefaction and extrapolation analyses were conducted to characterize trends in the number of species, common species, and dominant species in relation to the number of individuals. For β-diversity, NMDS, PERMANOVA, and SIMPER were applied. Indicator species were identified using IndVal indices.【Result】A total of 3 755 Carabidae insects of 41 species from nine subfamilies were captured, there were 1 037 Carabidae insects of 34 species from eight subfamilies in the P. koraiensis plantation forest, 1 643 Carabidae insects of 38 species from nine subfamilies in ecotone, 1 075 Carabidae insects of 32 species from nine subfamilies in the broad-leaved mixed forest, there were all 29 species in three habitats. The number of individuals of Carabinae in broad-leaved mixed forest was significantly higher than that the other two habitats (P<0.05), the number of individuals of Harpalinae in the P. koraiensis plantation forest was significantly higher than in that broad-leaved mixed forests (P<0.05), the number of individuals of Licininae in ecotone was significantly higher than that in the broad-leaved mixed forests (P<0.05), the number of individuals of Platyninae in ecotone was significantly higher than that in the other two habitats (P<0.05). The number of species of Harpalinae and Panagaeinae in broad-leaved mixed forests were significantly lower than that in the other two habitats (P<0.05), the number of species of Pterostichinae in ecotone was significantly higher than that in the other two habitats (P<0.05). Rarefaction and extrapolation of Hill diversity showed that although ecotone had the highest number of species, P. koraiensis plantation forest had the highest number of common and dominant species. Among α diversity indices, the number of individuals in ecotone was significantly higher than that in the other two habitats (P<0.05), the number of species, Chao1 index and ACE index in ecotone were significantly higher than those in broad-leaved mixed forests (P<0.05), Margalef index in broad-leaved mixed forests was significantly lower than that in the other two habitats (P<0.05), and many indices were are significantly correlated with the number of species (P<0.05). NMDS and PERMANOVA showed significant differences in community structure in different habitats (P<0.05), SIMPER showed Licininae and Carabinae had large contribution to differences in different community structure. IndVal index showed no indicator and monitor species in P. koraiensis plantation forest,four monitor species in ecotone, and two indicator species in broad-leaved mixed forest. The edge effect was weakly positive overall in the study area.【Conclusion】Differences in the community structure and diversity of Carabidae insects across habitats suggest distinct habitat preferences among different taxa, which are closely linked to their ecological behaviors. Notably, the finding that Carabidae insects exhibited a strong tendency to inhabit ecotones further corroborates with the presence of a positive edge effect for this group in the study area. The highest number of common and dominant species observed in P. koraiensis plantation forests indicates that these plantations play a critical role in maintaining local biodiversity. Additionally, given the multiple indicator and monitoring species identified in both ecotones and broad-leaved mixed forests, a multi-species monitoring approach is recommended to effectively assess habitat conditions.

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Carabidae / biodiversity / broad-leaved mixed forest / Pinus koraiensis plantation / edge effect / ecotone / indicator species

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WANG Jiasheng , TONG Jiaqi , ZHAO Hongrui , et al . Response of Carabidae insects in different habitats of broad-leaved mixed forest and adjacent Pinus koraiensis plantation forest[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2025, 49(5): 200-208 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202402013

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