【Objective】The deepening of urbanization has resulted in a significant separation between humans and the natural environment, and urban gardens have become the most convenient and accessible health and wellness spaces for residents. This study focused on six kinds of bamboo commonly found in urban gardens. The dust retention capacities were compared, to provide a scientific basis for the development and design of bamboo forest therapy in gardens.【Method】Quadrats were set according to the size of bamboo in urban parks, and three plants from each quadrat were randomly selected to cut flush with the ground to measure individual parameters. The area of 100 randomly selected leaves per plant was measured using a laser leaf area instrument. After continuous rain for seven days, 100 leaves were randomly collected to determine the dust content by dust fall analysis method. The surface microstructure of the leaves were observed using scanning electron microscopy.【Result】Among the six selected bamboos, Phyllostachys edulis exhibited the highest individual parameters (height, ground diameter, and fresh weight), followed by Phyllostachys nigra, Bambusa multiplex, then Bambusa multiplex cv. Fernleaf and Indocalamus latifolius, and lastly Pleioblastus fortunei. The highest leaf area index was found in Bambusa multiplex, followed by Phyllostachys edulis, Pleioblastus fortunei, Bambusa multiplex cv. Fernleaf, Phyllostachys nigra and Indocalamus latifolius. In terms of leaf adsorption capacity, the balance dust retention capacity of Pleioblastus fortunei and Indocalamus latifolius was relatively high, reaching 8.7 g/m² and 8.2 g/m², respectively, while the balance dust retention capacities of Bambusa multiplex, Phyllostachys edulis, Bambusa multiplex cv. Fernleaf and Phyllostachys nigra ranged from 6.2 g/m² to 7.3 g/m². Scanning electron microscopy showed that there was obvious punctiform and textured protrusions on the back of the leaves of all six bamboos, distributed in parallel to form grooves. The grooves of Indocalamus latifolius were the widest, followed by Pleioblastus fortunei and Bambusa multiplex, then Phyllostachys nigra and Bambusa multiplex cv. Fernleaf.【Conclusion】According to the individual morphology and planting characteristics of different bamboos, Indocalamus latifolius had the highest actual dust retention capacity (up to 77.43 g/m²) in the actual environment, followed by Bambusa multiplex, Bambusa multiplex cv. Fernleaf, Phyllostachys nigra, and Phyllostachys edulis. The dust retention capacity of Pleioblastus fortunei is the lowest, maintaining at 3.69 g/m².