Time lag of sap flow characteristics and their response to inflorescence shading and pruning of leaves and branch for Sapindus saponaria

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202403022

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 5-12.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202403022

Special Issue: 乡村振兴视域下的生物质能源树种无患子研究专题

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Time lag of sap flow characteristics and their response to inflorescence shading and pruning of leaves and branch for Sapindus saponaria

CAI Wanting¹(), JIA Liming¹^,^*(), WANG Mianzhi¹, ZHENG Yulin¹, LI Lu¹, LUO Shuijing²

1. National Energy R & D Center for Non-Food Biomass, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. Fujian Yuanhua Forestry Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jianning 354500, China

Received:2024-03-18 Revised:2024-09-25 Online:2024-11-30 Published:2024-12-10
Contact: JIA Liming E-mail:cwt200101@163.com;jlm@bjfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aims to investigate the time lag characteristics of sap flow during reproductive phenological periods in Sapindus saponaria and the effect of shading inflorescence branching and leaf pruning on the time lag of sap flow.【Method】In the experimental area of the Sapindus saponaria National Forest Germplasm Repository in Jianning County, Fujian Province, five-year-old S. saponaria ‘Yuanhua’ asexual lines were employed as experimental materials. Sap flow was measured using a thermal diffusion probe, and environmental factors including photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature (Ta), and relative air humidity (RHa) were simultaneously measured during the reproductive growing season.Time lags between sap flow velocity and the dominant environmental factors were analyzed using the mismatch correlation method.【Result】PAR and VPD were the dominant environmental factors affecting sap flow, independent of pruning treatments. On typical sunny days, the relationship between sap flow and these environmental factors showed a “hysteresis loop”, with PAR responsed in a counterclockwise direction and VPD responsed in a clockwise direction. Across six reproductive phenological periods (bud swelling, flowering, early ovary growing, fruit developmet, fruit colour change, fruit ripening), the control (CK) and pruning group sap flow lagged PAR by 10, 10, 0, 10, 20, 50 min and 0, 20, 10, 10, 20, 50 min, respectively; and advanced VPD by 160, 120, 90, 90, 130, 100 min and 190,110, 70, 90, 130, 100 min at six key reproductive phenological periods.【Conclusion】The time lag between sap flow and dominant environmental factors varied across different reproductive phenological periods. Pruning impacted these time lags differently: it reduced the time lag of Fd-PAR during bud swelling and increased it during the flowering and early ovary growing periods, while it had the opposite effect on Fd-VPD. This study provides a scientific foundation for accurately evaluating the influence of environmental factors on the water consumption of forest trees and contributes to the development of more precise models to simulate daytime transpiration processes.

Key words: Sapindus saponaria, sap flow, time lag, pruning, reproductive phenological period, environmental factor

CLC Number:

S718
Q89

CAI Wanting, JIA Liming, WANG Mianzhi, ZHENG Yulin, LI Lu, LUO Shuijing. Time lag of sap flow characteristics and their response to inflorescence shading and pruning of leaves and branch for Sapindus saponaria[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(6): 5-12.

Figures/Tables 5

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Table 2

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编号 No.	树高/m tree heigh	探针处树径/cm diameter at probe	冠幅/m crown width	处理 treatment
T₁	2.55	10.03	2.65×2.10	修剪pruning
T₂	2.80	8.00	2.30×2.30	修剪pruning
T₃	3.36	10.15	2.60×1.95	修剪pruning
T₄	3.10	8.30	2.20×2.30	对照CK
T₅	2.60	6.89	1.25×1.15	对照CK
T₆	2.75	8.50	1.70×1.62	对照CK
T₇	2.55	7.61	2.80×2.90	对照CK
T₈	3.22	6.90	2.20×2.35	对照CK

生殖物候期 reproductive phenological periods	处理 treatment	因子 factor	R²	回归方程 regression equation	P
花芽膨大期 bud swelling period	修剪	X₁,X₂,X₃,X₄	0.874	Y=0.734+0.003 X₁+0.928 X₂-0.212 X₃+0.105 X₄	<0.01
	对照	X₁,X₂,X₃,X₄,X₅	0.837	Y=13.54+0.004 X₁+0.852 X₂-0.484 X₃+1.070 X₄-0.080 X₅	<0.01
开花期 flowering period	修剪	X₁,X₂,X₃,X₄	0.834	Y=-22.956+0.004 X₁ +0.548 X₂+0.527 X₃+0.309 X₄	<0.01
	对照	X₁,X₂,X₃,X₄	0.840	Y=-20.389+0.004 X₁+0.423 X₂+0.495 X₃+0.259 X₄	<0.01
初果期 early ovary growing period	修剪	X₁,X₂,X₃,X₄,X₅	0.865	Y=6.183+0.003 X₁+0.781 X₂-0.165 X₃-0.059 X₄+0.871 X₅	<0.01
	对照	X₁,X₂,X₃,X₄	0.879	Y=6.938+0.004 X₁+0.655 X₂-0.268 X₃+1.274 X₄	<0.01
果实膨大期 fruit development period	修剪	X₁,X₂,X₃,X₅	0.869	Y=4.012+0.002 X₁+0.978 X₂-0.153 X₃+1.339 X₅	<0.01
	对照	X₁,X₂,X₃, X₅,X₄	0.906	Y=9.655+0.003 X₁+0.777 X₂-0.277 X₃+0.941 X₅-0.075 X₄	<0.01
果实转色期 fruit colour change period	修剪	X₁,X₂,X₃,X₅	0.789	Y=1.416+0.002 X₁+0.574 X₂-0.059 X₃-0.402 X₅	<0.01
	对照	X₁,X₂,X₃,X₄,X₅	0.906	Y=9.655+0.003 X₁+0.777 X₂-0.277 X₃-0.075 X₄+0.941 X₅	<0.01
果实成熟期 fruit ripening period	修剪	X₁,X₂,X₃,X₄	0.395	Y=-1.887+0.001 X₁+0.609 X₂+0.088 X₃+0.010 X₄	<0.01
	对照	X₁,X₂,X₃	0.614	Y=-1.158+0.001 X₁+1.145 X₂+0.056 X₃	<0.01

Time lag of sap flow characteristics and their response to inflorescence shading and pruning of leaves and branch for Sapindus saponaria

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