The identification and functional analysis of BZR1 genes in yellowhorn

XU Huihui, BAN Zhuo, WANG Chenxue, BI Quanxin, LIU Xiaojuan, WANG Libing

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2) : 12-22.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
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JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2) : 12-22. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202403036

The identification and functional analysis of BZR1 genes in yellowhorn

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Abstract

【Objective】This study aimed to systematically characterize the BZR1 transcription factor family in yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium) and elucidate its functional roles in abiotic stress response, thereby providing insights for breeding stress-resistant cultivars.【Method】Genome-wide identification of XsBZR1 genes was performed using bioinformatics tools. Subcellular localization of XsBZR1 proteins was validated via 35S::XsBZR1-eYFP fusion constructs. Expression profiles under abiotic stresses (low temperature, salt, drought) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Functional validation was conducted by overexpressing XsBZR1- 9 in Arabidopsis thaliana and assessing salt tolerance phenotypes.【Result】Nine XsBZR1 genes (XsBZR1-1 to XsBZR1-9) were identified and distributed unevenly across six chromosomes. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses revealed close evolutionary relationships with dicotyledonous BZR1 orthologs. Promoter regions harbored abundant cis-regulatory elements associated with light responsiveness (48.9%), hormone signaling (35.0%) and stress adaptation (24.6%). The nuclear localization of all XsBZR1 proteins was experimentally confirmed. Differential expression patterns were observed under stress conditions: low temperature (4 ℃) rapidly induced eight XsBZR1 genes (1.3- to 6.0-fold upregulation at 3 h; P<0.05), except XsBZR1-7. Salt stress (150 mmol/L NaCl) suppressed XsBZR1-3/4/5/7 but strongly upregulated XsBZR1-1 (26.1-fold) and XsBZR1-9 (19.6-fold) at 9 h (P<0.001). Drought stress (mass fraction 25% PEG6000) elevated XsBZR1- 3/7/8/9 expression (>1.9-fold at 9 h), while others remained stable. ABA treatment (100 μmol/L) universally induced XsBZR1 genes, with XsBZR1-8 showing a 35.4-fold increase (P<0.001).Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing XsBZR1-9 exhibited enhanced salt tolerance, with taproot lengths twice that of the wild-type under 100 mmol/L NaCl (P<0.01).【Conclusion】The XsBZR1 gene family plays pivotal roles in yellowhorn’s abiotic stress response, with XsBZR1-9 demonstrating significant potential for improving salt tolerance. These findings advance the molecular understanding of stress adaptation mechanisms in woody plants and provide targets for precision breeding.

Key words

yellowhorn(Xanthoceras sorbifolium) / BZR1 transcription factor / abiotic stress tolerance / gene overexpression / salt stress response / XsBZR1- 9

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XU Huihui , BAN Zhuo , WANG Chenxue , et al . The identification and functional analysis of BZR1 genes in yellowhorn[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2025, 49(2): 12-22 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202403036

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