【Objective】The geographical distribution characteristics of tree species reflect climate trends, while climate change in turn influences their distribution. The interaction between these provides a theoretical basis for studying the geographical distribution and origin of tree species, as well as formulating conservation strategies.【Method】Taking eight naturally distributed species of the Juniperus across the three-level geographical terrains as the research subjects, this study employed analysis of variance (ANOVA), coefficient of variation, linear regression analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) on climate and altitude data from 222 sampling sites. The aim was to compare and identify the dominant factors restricting the formation of the geographical distribution pattern of Juniperus species.【Result】Significant differences (P<0.001) were observed among the eight species in terms of annual mean temperature, mean diurnal range, isothermality, the max temperature of the warmest month, temperature annual range, annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, precipitation of the coldest quarter, altitude, and aridity index. Among these factors, the variance in isothermality, temperature annual range, annual precipitation, altitude, and aridity index originated primarily from interspecific differences, while the variance in the remaining five factors originated mainly from intraspecific variations. The coefficients of variation for mean diurnal range, isothermality, the max temperature of the warmest month, temperature annual range, and precipitation seasonality were approximately 20%, indicating strong restrictive effects. Latitude and longitude were significantly correlated with isothermality, the max temperature of the warmest month, temperature annual range, precipitation seasonality and altitude, with negative correlations observed for isothermality and altitude.The temperature annual range, isothermality, precipitation seasonality, the max temperature of the warmest month, and altitude were the main drivers of geographical distribution differences among the eight Juniperus species, and the contribution of temperature-related factors exceeded that of precipitation-related ones. The eight species were roughly divided into two groups: the dry-cold zone group, including J. sabina var. davurica, J. rigida, J. sabina and J. pseudosabina; and the warm-humid zone group, including J. przewalskii, J. tibetica, J. saltuaria and J. indica.【Conclusion】Temperature (isothermality, the max temperature of the warmest month, temperature annual range), moisture (precipitation seasonality), and altitude collectively drive the geographical distribution of each Juniperus species, with temperature exerting a greater influence than moisture. Altitude readjusts the hydrothermal conditions in areas with the same latitude and longitude. This study presents the mean values and ranges of temperature, moisture, and altitude for the suitable distribution areas of the eight species, providing a theoretical reference for future ex-situ cultivation.The findings indicate that Juniperus species prefer cold and humid environments, reflecting their characteristics as part of the Holarctic flora.