Research progress on efficient genetic transformation systems in plants

ZHOU Fangwei, XU Liang, SHI Congguang, YANG Shaozong

Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3) : 1-13.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
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Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3) : 1-13. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202406033

Research progress on efficient genetic transformation systems in plants

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Abstract

Plant genetic transformation is a pivotal technology in modern plant biotechnology, which not only deepens our understanding of plant biological mechanisms but also drives the improvement of desirable traits and precision breeding. The establishment of efficient genetic transformation and regeneration systems is the cornerstone for implementing genome editing technologies in plants. In recent years, researchers have continuously developed novel transformation methods to overcome traditional technical bottlenecks, enabling efficient delivery of exogenous genes and regeneration of transgenic plants. Current plant genetic transformation technologies fall into two major categories: direct transformation methods(e.g., particle bombardment, nanoparticle-mediated transformation, electroporation, microinjection, liposome-mediated transformation, and pollen tube pathway-mediated delivery) and indirect transformation approaches (e.g., Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disk method, cut-dip-budding (CDB) delivery system, direct delivery (DD), and fast-treated Agrobacterium co-culture (Fast-TrACC) method). These techniques have been widely applied for trait-specific improvement and precision breeding across diverse plant species, ranging from model plants to economically important crops and forest trees. This review systematically elucidates the operational principles, molecular mechanisms, and recent advances of various genetic transformation technologies, aiming to provide a comprehensive theoretical framework and practical guidance for plant molecular breeding programs in the context of sustainable forestry and agricultural development.

Key words

plant genetic transformation / tissue culture / gene editing / transgenic

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ZHOU Fangwei , XU Liang , SHI Congguang , et al. Research progress on efficient genetic transformation systems in plants[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition）. 2026, 50(3): 1-13 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202406033

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