Biological invasions are a key cause of global biodiversity loss and the degradation of ecosystem functions. The introduction of Spartina alterniflora into China's coastal regions has adversely affected the structure and functionality of wetland ecosystems, as well as bird habitats. This review collates relevant literature from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) databases on the impact of S. alterniflora invasion on avian habitats in coastal salt marsh wetlands. It synthesizes the ecological implications of the S. alterniflora invasion process and management measures for bird habitat availability, food supply, and survival costs in coastal wetlands. The objective is to establish a reference framework for avian diversity conservation and habitat restoration in coastal salt marsh wetlands. The results showed that: (1) During the initial stages of invasion, S. alterniflora forms stable communities and expands rapidly in wetlands through both sexual and asexual reproduction, thereby reducing the living space of native plants. Bird food sources are disrupted by S. alterniflora, leading to reduced community stability and altered structure, which subsequently affects bird habitats. (2) Once S. alterniflora establishes its dominant community, the dense vegetation further disrupts the structure and functions of native plant communities, obstructing bird foraging paths and reducing habitat availability. Moreover, benthic fauna and insect communities are disturbed by S. alterniflora, leading to changes in their community structure and feeding habits, thus further disrupting bird food sources. Most birds tend to avoid S. alterniflora, with only a small proportion able to adapt to it. (3) The management of S. alterniflora can facilitate the habitat restoration of bird habitats. While native birds benefit from control measures, those already adapted to S. alterniflora may experience adverse effects. We conclude that: Research on the effects of S. alterniflora invasion on avian habitat characteristics has made significant progress and the management project of this invasive plant is being implemented on a large scale simultaneously. In the future, research on the impact of treatment projects on bird habitat has become a research hotspot. We can distinguish the changes in the habitat availability of birds with different migratory habits after the implementation of the management of S. alterniflora, to enrich the study content on the impact of S. alterniflora invasion and management on the bird habitats in coastal salt marsh wetlands, and provide a reference for the conservation of bird biodiversity in coastal salt marsh wetlands.