Comprehensive evaluation of fruit utilization of superior clones of Xanthoceras sorbifolium

QIAN Daichen, AO Yan, ZHANG Zishuo, HU Yongqi, YAN Bingzhou

Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3) : 212-220.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
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Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3) : 212-220. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202409013

Comprehensive evaluation of fruit utilization of superior clones of Xanthoceras sorbifolium

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Abstract

【Objective】This study aims to improve the comprehensive development and utilization efficiency of Xanthoceras sorbifolium and to select high-yielding superior germplasm resources suitable for both oil and saponin production，thereby providing high-quality raw materials for the integrated utilization of X. sorbifolium.【Method】A total of fruit traits across 26 superior clones were investigated，including yield traits such as fruit yield per plant，phenotypic traits such as fruit and seed transverse and longitudinal diameters，and chemical traits such as oil composition and saponin content. Principal component analysis was applied for the preliminary selection of superior fruit traits. The multidimensional coordinate comprehensive evaluation cumulative method was used to evaluate fatty acid traits，and the entropy weight method was employed to assess biodiesel-related traits. High-yielding superior clones suitable for the integrated production of edible oil，biodiesel，and saponin were screened based on these analyses.【Result】（1）Among the 26 clones，the coefficients of variation are relatively low for seed kernel oil content，fatty acid fractions，and biodiesel-related traits，whereas they are higher for fruit yield per plant，thousand-kernel weight，and pericarp dry weight. The saponin content shows the highest coefficient of variation（31.67%）.（2）Fruit yield per plant exhibits a highly significant positive correlation with fresh fruit weight. Phenotypic traits such as seed longitudinal and transverse diameters are negatively correlated with oil content and saponin content. Among the unsaturated fatty acid components in the seed kernel oil，all except 13-docosenoic acid（C22：1）and tetracosenoic acid（C24：1）are highly significantly correlated with the degree of fatty acid unsaturation. Iodine value is significantly positively correlated with the degree of fatty acid unsaturation.（3）Based on principal component analysis，three high-saponin，three high-oil，and three high-saponin-high-oil superior clones are selected. From the clones with high comprehensive scores for saponin and oil traits，three superior clones suitable for dual use in saponin and edible oil production and three clones suitable for dual use in saponin and biodiesel production are identified.【Conclusion】Fruit yield per plant and pericarp saponin content in X. sorbifolium show substantial potential for genetic improvement. A close relationship exists between seed kernel oil components and biodiesel-related traits，while notable differences are observed between edible oil and biodiesel trait scores among the evaluated clones.

Key words

Xanthoceras sorbifolium / superior clones / fruit utilization / saponin / edible oil / biodiesel

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QIAN Daichen , AO Yan , ZHANG Zishuo , et al . Comprehensive evaluation of fruit utilization of superior clones of Xanthoceras sorbifolium[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition）. 2026, 50(3): 212-220 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202409013

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