【Objective】Paeonia suffruticosa cv. Fengdan, as an emerging woody oil crop with great development potential, has attracted wide attention due to its high nutritional value and economic benefits. Boron is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, which plays a crucial role in regulating photosynthetic physiological processes, nutrient absorption and utilization, and material synthesis and transformation in plants. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on the effects of different boron fertilizer concentrations on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield formation, and seed oil quality of P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of boron fertilizer concentrations on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics, yield components, and seed oil quality of P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan, and to clarify the optimal boron fertilizer application concentration. The research results are expected to provide a scientific theoretical basis for optimizing boron fertilizer application techniques, promoting the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan, and further developing its potential as a woody oil crop.【Method】A field experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design. Five-year-old P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan plants with uniform growth were selected and sprayed in the middle and late April after flowering. Five foliar spraying concentration gradients of boron fertilizer were set, namely 0% (control, sprayed with deionized water), 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% (mass volume ratio), with 3 replicates per treatment. The effects of different boron fertilizer concentrations on the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, seed and pod morphology, mineral element content, and nutritional quality of P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan leaves were analyzed. Furthermore, the variation law of seed yield traits and the transformation law between soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein and fatty acids were discussed.【Result】With the increase of boron fertilizer concentration, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, and mineral element content of P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan leaves all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the intercellular CO₂ concentration showed the opposite trend of first decreasing and then increasing, reaching the lowest level at 0.3% (mass fraction) boron fertilizer concentration, which was significantly different from the control group. The results indicated that spraying an appropriate amount of boron fertilizer could effectively improve the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan leaves, while maintaining a low intercellular CO₂ concentration, which was conducive to enhancing the potential photosynthetic capacity of P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan, significantly improving the light energy conversion efficiency and CO₂ utilization rate of leaves, and providing sufficient material and energy basis for dry matter accumulation. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll in the B3 treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group, indicating that the light-harvesting capacity was significantly enhanced and the light energy utilization rate of P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan was improved. When the boron fertilizer concentration was 0.3% (mass fraction), the accumulation of mineral elements N, P, K, and B in P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan reached the maximum, laying a material foundation for the synthesis and transformation of nutrients in the later period. The growth period of P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan pods in the B3 treatment was correspondingly prolonged, and its yield traits were significantly improved. The contents of soluble sugar, starch, and crude fat in seeds were significantly higher than those in the control group (CK). At the seed maturity stage (middle and late July), the relative content of unsaturated fatty acids in different treatments all reached more than 92%, among which linolenic acid had the highest content, and the content of linolenic acid in the B3 treatment was the highest, which was significantly higher than that in other treatments (P<0.05). It indicated that the appropriate concentration of boron fertilizer had a significant optimization effect on the seed nutritional quality and fatty acid composition of P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan. Foliar spraying of appropriate concentration of boron fertilizer could stimulate the photosynthetic potential of P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan leaves, promote the accumulation of carbohydrates, proteins, and crude fatty acids in seeds, and achieve the maximum increase in yield traits.【Conclusion】Comprehensive analysis of the effects of different boron fertilizer concentrations on the photosynthetic characteristics, nutrient accumulation, yield traits, and seed oil quality of P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan showed that foliar spraying of 0.3% (mass fraction) boron fertilizer had the best effect. This concentration could significantly improve the photosynthetic efficiency of P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan leaves, enhance the light energy conversion efficiency and nutrient absorption capacity, promote the accumulation and transformation of nutrients, effectively improve the yield traits, and optimize the seed oil quality. Therefore, foliar spraying of 0.3% (mass fraction) boron fertilizer can be used as the optimal fertilization concentration for P. suffruticosa cv. Fengdan, which provides an important technical support for the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of this emerging woody oil crop.
Key words
Paeonia suffruticosa cv. Fengdan /
boron fertilizer /
photosynthetic characteristics /
grain /
oil quality
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References
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