Analysis of hormones and metabolomics during seed germination of Idesia polycarpa

XU Junyuan, ZHANG Mengxing, ZHANG Xiaoxue, LI Zhi, DAI Li, LIU Zhen, GENG Xiaodong, LIU Yi, WANG Yanmei

Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2) : 129-138.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
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Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2) : 129-138. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202410036

Analysis of hormones and metabolomics during seed germination of Idesia polycarpa

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Abstract

【Objective】In this study,experiments were carried out to explore the important metabolic pathways, key processes and mechanisms of metabolic changes in seed germination under variable temperature environment.【Method】The seeds of the Idesia polycarpa, which were released from dormancy after 60 days of low-temperature treatment at 5 ℃, were used for germination test in an incubator at 15 ℃ for 12 h/25 ℃ for 12 h. Samples were taken at three stages: seed coat dehiscence, whitening, and radicle elongation. The contents of indoleacetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA3) and zeatin (ZR) were determined by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), and the metabolomics at the germination stage of Idesia polycarpa seeds was analyzed by UPLC (ultra performance liquid chromatography) and MS/MS (tandem mass spectrom-etry).【Result】During the germination process, the differences in the contents of m(GA3)/m(ABA), m(ZR)/m(ABA), m(IAA)/m(ABA) and m(IAA+GA3+ZR)/m(ABA) among different germination stages reached a significant level (P<0.05). Metabolomic data revealed that there were 515 differential metabolites during seed germination, involving six major classes of substances, which including 101 kinds of amino acids and their derivatives, 103 kinds of phenolic acids, 49 kinds of nucleotides and their derivatives, 128 kinds of lipids, 65 kinds of other classes (including 51 kinds of sugars and alcohols, 14 kinds of vitamins), and 59 kinds of organic acids. Additionally, the number of differential metabolites and the pathways of enriched pathways gradually increased with seed germination and growth.【Conclusion】The physiological strategy of seed germination is the result of long-term environmental adaptation, and the variable temperature environment simulating seasonal temperature difference is more conducive to seed germination. The increase of ZR and GA3 content and the decrease of ABA content were the main reasons for the germination of I. polycarpa. In the early stage of germination, galactose metabolism was more intense. The differential metabolites increased in the late stage of germination compared with the early stage, which was related to the vigorous metabolic activity in the germination stage. The contents of amino acids and their derivatives increased with the process of seed germination. The metabolites such as inositol and choline related to osmotic pressure regulation changed obviously. Lipid metabolism varies greatly during germination, especially in the synthesis and metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids.

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Idesia polycarpa / temperature / germinate / endogenous hormone / metabolome

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XU Junyuan , ZHANG Mengxing , ZHANG Xiaoxue , et al . Analysis of hormones and metabolomics during seed germination of Idesia polycarpa[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition）. 2026, 50(2): 129-138 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202410036

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