【Objective】The edge effect refers to the phenomenon that some components within the ecosystems change significantly due to the differences and interactions of ecological factors at the junction of different ecosystems. This phenomenon is ubiquitously observed across diverse ecosystems including forests, wetlands and grasslands. The investigation of forest edge effects holds substantial importance for advancing ecological conservation efforts, enhancing forestry management practices, addressing climate change impacts, and refining carbon storage estimations.【Method】This study quantified edge effects in Robinia pseudoacacia plantations in the Yellow River delta using UAV-LiDAR and Sentinel-2 data. Seven structural and three physiological indices were analyzed to assess 3D structural and ecological functional variations, with distinct edge effect patterns identified across different edge types.【Result】(1) The edge effect significantly altered vegetation structural parameters, with observed reductions of 1-5 m in tree height, 7%-53% in vegetation coverage, 10%-77% in leaf area index (LAI), and 6%-52% in tree density. Canopy structural features, including projected area and volume, also exhibited marked decreases. (2) Ecological functions were substantially compromised at forest edges, manifested by impaired photosynthetic capacity with 8%-50% reduction in fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), 9%-72% decline in chlorophyll content, and 8%-50% decrease in canopy water content. (3) Edge influence zones showed distinct spatial patterns, with river edges demonstrating an extensive impact range of 150 meters, contrasting with the relatively limited 30-meter influence zone of road edges.【Conclusion】The edge effect exerts multidimensional influences on both structural characteristics and ecosystem functionalities of coastal shelterbelts in the Yellow River Delta. This research provides critical insights for enhancing coastal shelterbelt management and conservation strategies, facilitating the optimization of sustainable forest plantation development, and contributing to climate change mitigation and regional environmental restoration efforts.