Analysis and evaluation of nut diversity in chestnut germplasm resources from Chengkou, Chongqing

Tang Jiajia, Ma Meng, Liu Zhaotun, Dang Jiangbo, Tong Long, Zhang Junpei, Li Xiuzhen

Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4) : 197-206.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
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Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4) : 197-206. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202502025

Analysis and evaluation of nut diversity in chestnut germplasm resources from Chengkou, Chongqing

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Abstract

【Objective】This study analyzed the appearance traits and main nutritional quality of chestnuts (Castanea mollissima) from Chengkou County, Chongqing, to elucidate the genetic diversity of local germplasm resources. It aimed to provide a scientific basis for the discovery and innovative utilization of elite chestnut germplasm in the region.【Method】Sixty elite chestnut seedling trees were selected from Chengkou County. A total of 20 traits (9 qualitative and 11 quantitative) were measured. Variation coefficients and genetic diversity indices were calculated. Comprehensive evaluation was conducted using correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis.【Result】The results showed that the nine qualitative traits produced 23 variation types, with a Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') ranging from 0 to 1.01. The 11 quantitative traits exhibited high variability, with coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 2.69% to 37.02%. Soluble sugar content had the highest CV, while sphericity had the lowest. Correlation analysis revealed 23 significant pairwise correlations (P<0.05) among the quantitative traits, indicating complex interrelationships within the phenotypic traits. Cluster analysis classified the 60 accessions into four groups: Group Ⅰ (large fruit size, high water content); Group Ⅱ (larger fruit size, high soluble sugar and starch content); Group Ⅲ (medium fruit size and nutrient content); and Group Ⅳ (smallest fruit size and lightest weight, but high protein and starch content). PCA extracted four principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.31%, which could be generalized as factors representing nut size and weight, shape, starch and water content, and soluble sugar content, respectively. Based on the comprehensive evaluation model, three accessions (No. 0916, 0924, and 0976) were identified as having superior comprehensive nut quality.【Conclusion】Chestnut germplasm resources in Chengkou, Chongqing, possess rich genetic diversity, particularly in fruit size, soluble sugar, and protein content. This study provides important data support for the mining, innovation, and utilization of elite chestnut germplasm in the Daba Mountain region of Chongqing.

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Castanea mollissima / chestnut quality / germplasm resources / genetic diversity / Chengkou, Chongqing

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Tang Jiajia , Ma Meng , Liu Zhaotun , et al . Analysis and evaluation of nut diversity in chestnut germplasm resources from Chengkou, Chongqing[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition）. 2026, 50(4): 197-206 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202502025

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