Shorebird dynamics and its influencing factors in artificially restored high-tide roosts: a case study of Tiaozini wetland, Jiangsu

FANG Ze, XIAO Ziwei, SHENG Fan, XUE Jianhui, YANG Hongyan, GUO Jia, FU Ting, SUN Lili, JIA Yifei, ZHOU Yan

Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1) : 65-73.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
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Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition） ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1) : 65-73. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202504003

Shorebird dynamics and its influencing factors in artificially restored high-tide roosts: a case study of Tiaozini wetland, Jiangsu

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【Objective】 The reclamation of coastal wetlands in the Yellow Sea Ecoregion has led to a scarcity of suitable high-tide roosts (HTR5), which has become a key bottleneck restricting the conservation of shorebirds. Investigating shorebirds’ utilization patterns of high-tide roosts and the environmental factors influencing their habitat selection can inform the restoration and optimized management of high-tide roosts in the Yellow Sea Ecoregion, thereby enhancing the efficacy of biodiversity conservation in coastal wetlands. 【Method】From 2021 to 2023, shorebird community surveys have been conducted in two artificially restored high-tide roosts in the Tiaozini wetland, Jiangsu Province. Aligened ranks transformation analysis of variance (ARTNOVA) was employed to compare differences between two habitats, while generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to examine the relationships between shorebird community metrics (species richness and abundance) and environmental variables, including site, year, date, tide height, and landscape metrics. Optimal models were selected to identify the key factors influencing habitat selection. 【Result】(1) A total of 45 shorebird species were documented during the three-year study period, accounting for 68% of the total shorebird species in the East Asia-Australasian Flyway (EAAF). This included two nationally Grade Ⅰ protected species and seven nationally Grade Ⅱ protected species. The populations of 26 shorebird species exceeded 1% of their respective flyway populations. (2) In 2023, the abundance of shorebirds in the Tiaozini wetland significantly increased compared to previous years. Shorebird migration peaked in May (spring) and August (autumn), with species richness being higher in autumn than in spring. (3) Shorebird species richness was significantly influenced by date and landscape shape index of water. Their abundance was significantly affected by tide height, date, mean shape index of mudflats, and splitting index of water areas. 【Conclusion】The restoration and management of high-tide roosts should focus on the migratory phenology of shorebirds. Simple-shaped mudflat patches and highly fragmented water areas can attract higher shorebirds abundances, while simple-shaped water areas can enhance shorebird species richness. Within the same high-tide roosts, restoration and management strategies should be context-specific to ensure effective habitat utilization. Targeted restoration and management of high-tide roosts in the Yellow Sea Ecoregion and across the migratory flyway can notably enhance the conservation efficacy for shorebirds.

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coastal wetland / shorebirds / high-tide roost / habitat management / landscape metric / generalized additive model (GAM) / Tiaozini wetland of Jiangsu

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FANG Ze , XIAO Ziwei , SHENG Fan , et al . Shorebird dynamics and its influencing factors in artificially restored high-tide roosts: a case study of Tiaozini wetland, Jiangsu[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition）. 2026, 50(1): 65-73 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202504003

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