Abstract: 【Objective】This study explored the ecological effects of heterogeneous environmental resources on bamboo asexual reproduction. The primary aim was to understand the complex ecology of bamboo in natural habitats. 【Method】Different treatments of plantlet density, light availability, fertilization and watering regime were evaluated. Germination quantity of rhizome lateral buds, and biomass allocation of Indocalamus decorus D.H.Dai pot seedlings were evaluated under the different treatments. The physio-ecological responses of I. decorus to ecological factors were analyzed. 【Result】Suitable bamboo seedling densities promoted lateral bud germination, and total biomass decreased with increasing seedling density. Lateral bud germination was the highest under full sun, decreasing as the amount of shading increased. The total and individual component biomasses decreased with increased shading. Fertilizer promoted lateral bud germination, with a moderate amount of fertilizer having a more noticeable effect than other amounts. The total and individual biomasses were the highest in treatments with a soil to fertilizer ratio of 8:1(w/w). Watering every three or nine days was not conducive to lateral bud germination, and there was no significant difference between total biomass of each treatment. There were complex correlations between bamboo plantlet shoot and rhizome quantity and biomass allocation for each treatment. 【Conclusion】Optimal lateral bud germination characteristics were achieved with full sun, a density of six seedlings per pot, a soil to fertilizer ratio of 8:1(w/w), and watering every six days. The Indocalamus decorus seedlings exhibited different resource allocation strategies depending on the treatment. Root biomass was the highest in the density and watering experiments; leaf biomass was the highest in the light experiment; and rhizome biomass was the highest in the fertilization experiment. These results of this study support the optimal allocation hypothesis of plant resources.