Abstract: 【Objective】The viability of moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)seeds often decreases quickly during the natural storage process, resulting in a short life of seeds, so it is important to enhance the vigor and germination rate of moso bamboo seeds for storage, production, and utilization. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of polyethylene glycol(PEG)and gibbereilin(GA₃)priming on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of aged moso bamboo seeds, and explore optional methods for improving the vigor of aged seeds.【Method】High temperature(40 ℃)and high humidity(95%)were used to simulate the natural aging process of the seeds, and different vigor levels of moso bamboo seeds were selected. Then, the selected seeds were primed by polyethylene glycol(PEG)and gibberellic acid(GA₃), and the physiological and biochemical characteristics of aged moso bamboo seeds were tested. 【Result】With an increased degree of aging, the relative conductivity and soluble sugar, MDA and abscisic acid(ABA)contents increased, and protective enzyme(SOD, POD, and CAT)activities and soluble protein, GA₃, indole acetic acid(IAA)and GA₃/ABA contents decreased. Furthermore, the higher the degree of seed aging, the more obvious the improvement of seed vigor was. Compared to the control, PEG and GA₃ treatments could significantly decrease the relative conductivity and MDA content to reduce the level of membrane lipid peroxidation and protect the integrity of the membrane. The two treatments could also increase the protective enzyme activities and soluble protein, GA₃, IAA and GA₃/ABA contents, as well as decrease the ABA content. 【Conclusion】The proper PEG(soaking for 24 hours with a concentration of 20% at 20 ℃)and GA₃(soaking for 12 hours with a concentration of 500 mg/L at 25 ℃)priming treatments could significantly enhance the seed vigor of aged moso bamboo seeds, and promote seed germination. These results could provide reference and technical guidance for moso bamboo seedling breeding.