Abstract: 【Objective】Differences between natural and artificially restored wetlands in maintaining avian biodiversity in Shanghai Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve were studied for implementing the ecological control of Spartina alterniflora and improvement of bird habitats.【Method】The number, species, species diversity, evenness of the bird populations, and proportion of the dominant avian populations were compared between the two types of wetlands. Kendall correlation was used to analyze the number and species number of Charadriiformes and Anseriformes birds and seven dominant species in two types of wetlands.【Result】The species co-occurrence in the avian communities in the two types of wetlands was 0.36. Throughout the year, the diversity index and evenness index of the natural wetland were lower than those of the artificially restored wetland. Significant differences in the avian diversity index and evenness index, number and species number of Charadriiformes birds, and species number of Anseriformes birds were observed, and no significant differences in the avian number, species number, and number of Anseriformes were detected. In the natural wetland, the number of Charadriiformes birds was the highest and accounted for 62.92% of total number of birds. In the artificially restored wetland, the number of Anseriformes birds was the highest and accounted for 50.20% of the total number of birds. During migration, changes in the number of Anseriformes birds were significantly and positively correlated between the two types of wetlands, but changes in the number of Charadriiformes birds were not significantly correlated between the two types of wetlands. Changes in the number of ducks showed significantly positive intraspecific and interspecific correlations in the two types of wetlands. However, changes in the number of 4 kinds waders and egret didn’t show significantly positive intraspecific correlations in the two types of wetlands.【Conclusion】The artificially restored wetland in Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve provides a good habitat for a variety of migratory birds, especially Anseriformes; however, the Charadriiformes birds prefer to perch in the natural wetland. Therefore, it is important to not only protect the undamaged natural wetland from the external interference, but also conduct artificial wetland restoration projects.