Key ecological issues in plant-soil feedback: pattern, process and mechanism

WANG Shaojun

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2) : 1-9.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
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JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2) : 1-9. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202001013

Key ecological issues in plant-soil feedback: pattern, process and mechanism

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Abstract

The process and mechanism of mutual feedback between plant and soil can determine the structure, function and process of ecosystems. They are also key scientific issues to understand the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to global changes. This review focused on cascading effects and their variations in patterns of nutrient-feedback between plant and soil at different spatial scales (i.e., root surface, rhizosphere, species, ecosystem and region) and various temporal dimensions (from seconds to thousand years). The plant-soil feedback was expounded at the level of root-soil interface, plant species, ecosystem and regional geography. We highlighted the regulatory mechanism of rhizosphere-interface process of root secretion, symbiosis, growth and metabolism on soil water and nutrients absorption, and physical modification. Moreover, we expounded the mechanism of above- and under-ground nutrient cycling process driven by interactions among plant species, litter chemistry, soil organism and soil organic matter. The bottom-up and top-down control theories, and the detritus food-web model were applied to reveal the process and mechanism of interactions between above-and under-ground biotic communities. We explored the process and mechanism of mutual feedback between soil geography evolution (the change in pattern of rock weathering, soil formation and soil nutrients), and regional vegetation succession (i.e., dominant species replacement, and shifting in mode of vegetation distribution, and above-ground litter input). This review also focused on the characteristics, formation mechanism and possible regulatory strategies of plant-soil mutual feedback for global change issues (i.e., ecological degradation and restoration, ecological invasion of alien species, atmospheric N deposition, elevated CO2 concentration, and reduced biodiversity). Furthermore, we concluded the biological and ecological processes of the interactions between above- and under-ground terrestrial ecosystems, predicting the response characteristics and mechanism of terrestrial ecosystems.

Key words

plant-soil / rhizosphere interface / ecosystem / feedback effect / feedback pattern / feedback process / feedback mechanism

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WANG Shaojun. Key ecological issues in plant-soil feedback: pattern, process and mechanism[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2020, 44(2): 1-9 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202001013

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Abstract
长期以来对陆地生态系统的研究主要集中于地上部分。由于测度上的困难, 人们对地下部分(belowground)的认识还处于相当模糊的状态。当今的生态学家已经越来越强烈地认识到, 地上生态系统与地下生态系统存在着不可分割的相互联系。100多年来的研究表明, 作为地下生态系统最活跃部分的土壤生物, 是联结地上部分与地下部分物质循环和能量流动的纽带, 对地上部分的结构、功能及过程起着重要的反馈调控作用。土壤生物受资源的时空异质性、营养的可获得性以及非生物因素的选择性所驱动, 通过直接作用于根系, 或通过改变养分的矿化速率及其在土壤中的空间分布, 改变植物根际的激素状况以及土壤环境等间接作用方式, 对地上生物产生正、负反馈作用。因此, 从土壤生物和地上生物的相互作用过程、土壤生物功能群及土壤食物网等角度分析土壤生物反馈作用的时空尺度、生物组织形式、方式、模型、驱动因素及其机制, 能为理解地下生态学过程、维持生态系统稳定性以及制定生物多样性保护策略提供参考, 并有助于理解全球变化下陆地生态系统结构及功能的动态和响应过程。
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