A review of three-dimensional digital surveying and information management for garden cultural heritages

LIANG Huilin, ZHANG Qingping

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5) : 9-16.

PDF(3335 KB)
南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
PDF(3335 KB)
JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5) : 9-16. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202004044

A review of three-dimensional digital surveying and information management for garden cultural heritages

Author information +
History +

Abstract

The aim of this study was to understand the advances in the research into the applications of three-dimensional (3D) digital surveying and information management techniques on garden cultural heritages. In this study, we analyzed Chinese and English literature for applications of 3D digital surveying and information management techniques related to the garden cultural heritage. Then, we assessed the techniques features, application situations, and related cases for 3D digital surveying and information techniques applications on garden cultural heritages from the perspective of 3D digital surveying techniques, such as close-range photogrammetry, 3D laser scanning, and multi-technology integrated surveying, as well as 3D information management techniques, such as the 3D geographic information system and information model. Cultural heritage protection work is crucial. We noted abundant research applications for 3D digital surveying and information techniques focused on culture heritage objects, such as ancient architectural sites, but few was focused on the garden cultural heritage. However, there were sufficient applications to confirm the advantages of such application, and it was inevitable that these methods would become the norm. Regarding 3D digital surveying methods, close-range photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning technologies had their own advantages and disadvantages. An integra-ted surveying method with multiple sensors could overcome the limitation of a single technology and instrument and was an ideal method for acquiring data regarding the garden cultural heritage. With regard to 3D information management methods, the applications of 3D geographic systems and landscape information model were the focus of research on information management for the landscape cultural heritage. Protecting landscape cultural heritages and even the discipline of landscape architecture will help show progress regarding 3D digitization and informatization. It is of great historical and practical significance to collect, process, store data and to manage, maintain, update, and analyze information for the protection, study, and sustainable utilization of garden cultural heritages.

Key words

garden cultural heritage / digital survey / 3D GIS / close-range photogrammetry / 3D laser scanning / landscape information system

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations
LIANG Huilin , ZHANG Qingping. A review of three-dimensional digital surveying and information management for garden cultural heritages[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2020, 44(5): 9-16 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.202004044

References

List( Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within ) Chart analysis
[1]
SOLER F, MELERO F J, LUZÓN M V . A complete 3D information system for cultural heritage documentation[J]. J Cult Herit, 2017,23:49-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2016.09.008.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2016.09.008
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1296207416302576
Cited in this article [1]
[2]
DENG Y C, CHENG J C P, ANUMBA C . Mapping between BIM and 3D GIS in different levels of detail using Schema mediation and instance comparison[J]. Autom Constr, 2016,67:1-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2016.03.006.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2016.03.006
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0926580516300450
Cited in this article [1]
[3]
张勃 . 以三维数字技术推动中国传统园林掇山理法研究[J]. 古建园林技术, 2010(2):36-38.
ZHANG B . Research on the implementation of 3D digital technology in the traditional rockery skill of Chinese garden[J]. Tradit Chin Archit Gard, 2010(2):36-38.
Cited in this article [1]
[4]
REMONDINO F, RIZZI A . Reality-based 3D documentation of natural and cultural heritage sites:techniques,problems, and examples[J]. Appl Geomat, 2010,2(3):85-100. DOI: 10.1007/s12518-010-0025-x.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12518-010-0025-x
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12518-010-0025-x
Cited in this article [9]
[5]
CHANDLER J H, BRYAN P, FRYER J G . The development and application of a simple methodology for recording rock art using consumer-grade digital cameras[J]. Photogramm Rec, 2007,22(117):10-21. DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-9730.2007.00414.x.
https://doi.org/10.1111/phor.2007.22.issue-117
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/phor/22/117
Cited in this article [1]
[6]
BRYAN P, BLAKE B, BEDFORD J. Metric survey specifications for cultural heritage[M]. London : English Heritage Publishing, 2013.
Cited in this article [1]
[7]
GUIDI G, REMONDINO F, RUSSO M , et al. Range sensors on marble surfaces:quantitative evaluation of artifacts [C]// FABIO R,SHORTIS M R,SABRY F E.SPIE 7447,Videometrics,Range Imaging,and Applications X.San Diego,California,USA, 2009,7447:744703.
Cited in this article [1]
[8]
REMONDINO F, GRUEN A, VON SCHWERIN J , et al. Multi-sensor 3D documentation of the Maya site of Copán [C]// Proceedings of the Proceedings of 22nd CIPA Symposium.Kyoto, Japan, 2009.
Cited in this article [4]
[9]
REMONDINO F. Accurate and detailed image-based 3D documentation of large sites and complex objects[C]//Digital imaging for cultural heritage preservation. London: CRC Press, 2017: 127-157. DOI: 10.1201/b11049-5.
Cited in this article [1]
[10]
GUIDI G, RUSSO M, ERCOLI S , et al. A multi-resolution methodology for the 3D modeling of large and complex archeological areas[J]. Int J Archit Comput, 2009,7(1):39-55. DOI: 10.1260/147807709788549439.
https://doi.org/10.1260/147807709788549439
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1260/147807709788549439
Cited in this article [2]
[11]
LERMA J L, NAVARRO S, CABRELLES M , et al. Terrestrial laser scanning and close range photogrammetry for 3D archaeological documentation:the Upper Palaeolithic Cave of Parpalló as a case study[J]. J Archaeol Sci, 2010,37(3):499-507. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2009.10.011.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.10.011
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440309003781
Cited in this article [1] Abstract

Abstract

Graphic and metric archaeological documentation is an activity that requires the capture of information from different sources, accurate processing and comprehensive analysis. If monitoring of the state of conservation is required, this task has to be performed before intervention, during and after the completion of the works in a repetitive way.

This paper presents the use of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in order to effectively produce, prior to intervention, accurate and high-resolution 3D models of a cave with engravings dating back to the Upper Palaeolithic era. The processing of the TLS data is discussed in detail in order to create digital surface models. The complexity of the cave required the integration of two techniques, TLS and close range photogrammetry to yield not only traditional drawings such as sections and elevations, but also photo-realistic perspective views and visual navigation worlds fully operational in 3D environments. This paper demonstrates the potential of integrating TLS and close range photogrammetry to provide both accurate digital surface models and photo-realistic outputs. This processed data can be used to systematically improve archaeological understanding of complex caves and relief panels of prehistoric art with tiny engravings.
[12]
KEINAN. Israeli and Palestinian archaeological inventories, GIS and conflicting cultures in the occupiedWest Bank[D]. London:University College London, 2013.
Cited in this article [1]
[13]
DELL’UNTO N, LANDESCHI G, LEANDER TOUATI A M , et al. Experiencing ancient buildings from a 3D GIS perspective:a case drawn from the Swedish Pompeii project[J]. J Archaeol Method Theory, 2016,23(1):73-94. DOI: 10.1007/s10816-014-9226-7.
Cited in this article [5]
[14]
CANCIANI M, CENICCOLA V, MESSI M , et al. A 3D GIS method applied to cataloging and restoring:the case of Aurelian walls at Rome[J]. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spatial Inf Sci, 2013, XL-5/W2:143-148. DOI: 10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w2-143-2013.
Cited in this article [1]
[15]
SAYGI G, AGUGIARO G, HAMAMCıOGLU-TURAN M , et al. Evaluation of GIS and BIM roles for the information management of historical buildings[J]. ISPRS Ann Photogramm Remote Sens Spatial Inf Sci, 2013, II-5/W1:283-288. DOI: 10.5194/isprsannals-ii-5-w1-283-2013.
Cited in this article [1]
[16]
MATHIEU K, CAMILLE L. De la maquette 3D au SIG 3D pour la gestion du patrimoine archéologique [R]. SIG 2008.[2020-02-12]. http://www.geomag.fr/sites/default/files/64_78.pdf.
http://www.geomag.fr/sites/default/files/64_78.pdf
Cited in this article [1]
[17]
CONOLLY J, LAKE M. Geographical information systems in archaeology[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Cited in this article [1]
[18]
FIORINI A, URCIA A, ARCHETTI V . The digital 3D survey as standard documentation of the archaeological stratigraphy [C]//VAST’11:Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Virtual Reality.Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 2011: 145-152.
Cited in this article [1]
[19]
BRUNETAUD X, DE LUCA L, JANVIER-BADOSA S , et al. Application of digital techniques in monument preservation[J]. Eur J Environ Civ Eng, 2012,16(5):543-556. DOI: 10.1080/19648189.2012.676365.
Cited in this article [1]
[20]
JANVIER-BADOSA S, STEFANI C, BRUNETAUD X , et al. Documentation and analysis of 3D mappings for monument diagnosys[M]//Built Heritage: Monitoring Conservation Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014: 347-357. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-08533-3_29.
Cited in this article [1]
[21]
STEFANI C, BRUNETAUD X, JANVIER-BADOSA S , et al. Developing a toolkit for mapping and displaying stone alteration on a web-based documentation platform[J]. J Cult Herit, 2014,15(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2013.01.011.
Cited in this article [1]
[22]
CAMPANARO D M, LANDESCHI G, DELL’UNTO N , et al. 3D GIS for cultural heritage restoration:a ‘White Box’ workflow[J]. J Cult Herit, 2016,18:321-332. DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2015.09.006.
Cited in this article [2]
[23]
PATRICK SUERMANN . Evaluating the impact of building information modeling on construction[D]. Texas :Texas A & M University, 2009.
Cited in this article [1]
[24]
代婷婷, 马骏, 徐雁南 . 基于Agisoft PhotoScan 的无人机影像自动拼接在风景园林规划中的应用[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2018,42(4):165-170.
DAI T T, MA J, XU Y N . Application of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)image automatic stitchingin landscape planning based on Agisoft PhotoScan[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2018,42(4):165-170. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201707004.
Cited in this article [1]
[25]
FAI S, GRAHAM K, DUCKWORTH T , et al. Building information modelling and heritage documentation [C]// Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium, International Scientific Committee for Documentation of Cultural Heritage (CIPA). Prague:Czech Republic F, 2011: 12-16.
Cited in this article [3]
[26]
ORENI D, BRUMANA R, DELLA TORRE S , et al. Survey turned into HBIM:the restoration and the work involved concerning the Basilica di Collemaggio after the earthquake (L’Aquila)[J]. ISPRS Ann Photogramm Remote Sens Spatial Inf Sci, 2014, II-5:267-273. DOI: 10.5194/isprsannals-ii-5-267-2014.
Cited in this article [3]
[27]
BRUMANA R, ORENI D, RAIMONDI A , et al. From survey to HBIM for documentation,dissemination and management of built heritage:The case study of St.Maria in Scaria d’Intelvi [C]//2013 Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage).28 Oct.-1 Nov.2013,Marseille,France: IEEE, 2013: 497-504. DOI: 10.1109/DigitalHeritage.2013.6743789.
Cited in this article [3]
[28]
GILL L . A 3D landscape information model[D]. Sheffield :University of Sheffield, 2013.
Cited in this article [1]
[29]
AHMAD A M, ALIYU A A . The need for landscape information modelling (LIM) in landscape architecture [C]//Proceedings of the 13th Digital Landscape Architecture Conference.Germany F, 2012: 531-540.
Cited in this article [1]
[30]
STOUFFS R, SARIYILDIZ S . Computation & performance:proceedings of the 31st international conference on education and research in computer aided architectural design in Europe[M/OL]. Delft: eCAADe, 2013.[2020-02-12]. http:ecaade 2013.bk.tudelft.nl/.
http:ecaade 2013.bk.tudelft.nl/
Cited in this article [2]
[31]
ERVIN S M . Digital landscape modeling and visualization:a research agenda[J]. Landsc Urban Plan, 2001,54(1/2/3/4):49-62. DOI: 10.1016/s0169-2046(01)00125-6.
Cited in this article [1]
[32]
梁慧琳 . 苏州环秀山庄园林三维数字化信息研究[D]. 南京:南京林业大学, 2018.
LIANG H L . Three-dimensional digital information research for the garden of Huanxiu Shanzhuang,Suzhou,China[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University, 2018.
Cited in this article [5]
[33]
赖文波, 杜春兰, 贾铠针 , 等. 景观信息模型(LIM)框架构建研究:以重庆大学B校区三角地改造为例[J]. 中国园林, 2015,31(7):26-30.
LAI W B, DU C L, JIA K Z , et al. Research on the framework construction of landscape information modeling(LIM):taking the transformation of the triangular site in Chongqing University campus B as an example[J]. Chin Landsc Archit, 2015,31(7):26-30.
Cited in this article [1]
[34]
杨晨 . 遗产景观信息模型初探[C]// 中国风景园林学会. 中国风景园林学会2016年会论文集. 北京: 中国风景园林学会, 2016: 419-423.
Cited in this article [1]
[35]
SCHWERIN J V, RICHARDS-RISSETTO H, REMONDINO F , et al. The Maya Arch3D project:digital technologies for research in Maya archaeology[EB/OL]. 2010.[2020-02-12]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265427443.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265427443
Cited in this article [4]
[36]
MACA A L . Spatio-temporal boundaries in classic Maya settlement systems:Copan’s urban foothills and the excavations at Group 9J-5 (Honduras)[D]. Boston:Harvard University, 2002.
Cited in this article [1]
[37]
RICHARDS-RISSETTO H . Exploring social interaction at the ancient Maya City of Copán,Honduras:a multi-scalar geographic information systems (GIS) analysis of access and visibility[D]. Lincoln :University of Nebraska, 2010.
Cited in this article [1]
[38]
AGUGIARO G, REMONDINO F, GIRARDI G , et al. Queryarch3d:querying and visualising 3D models of a Maya archaeological site in a web-based interface[J]. Geoinformatics FCE CTU, 2011,6:10-17. DOI: 10.14311/gi.6.2.
Cited in this article [1]
[39]
AGUGIARO G, REMONDINO F, GIRARDI G , et al. A web-based interactive tool for multi-resolution 3D models of a Maya archaeological site[J]. Isprs International Archives of the Photogrammetry, 2012,16:23-30. DOI: 10.5194/isprsarchives-xxxviii-5-w16-23-2011.
[40]
VON SCHWERIN J, RICHARDS-RISSETTO H, REMONDINO F , et al. The MayaArch3D project:a 3D WebGIS for analyzing ancient architecture and landscapes[J]. Lit Linguist Computing, 2013,28(4):736-753. DOI: 10.1093/llc/fqt059.
Cited in this article [2]
[41]
RICHARDS-RISSETTO H, ROBERTSSON J, VON SCHWERIN J , et al. Geospatial virtual heritage:a gesture-based 3D GIS to engage the public with ancient Maya archaeology[M]//VERHAGEN P, EARL G. Archaeology in the Digital Era. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2014: 118-130.
[42]
A Y H, A O A, A A H . Laser scanning in Pompeian City wall a comparative study of accuracy of the drawings from 1930s to 40s[EB/OL]. 2012.[2020-02-12]. https://www.researchgatenet/.publication/267769393.
https://www.researchgatenet/.publication/267769393
Cited in this article [1]
[43]
MANFERDINI A M, REMONDINO F, BALDISSINI S , et al. 3D modeling and semantic classification of archaeological finds for management and visualization in 3D archaeological databases[EB/OL].[ 2020- 02- 12]. http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3506/00928b581161d8b83e1ad78ef8917866c936.pdf.
http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3506/00928b581161d8b83e1ad78ef8917866c936.pdf
Cited in this article [3]
[44]
DELL’UNTO N, LEANDER A M, DELLEPIANE M , et al. Digital reconstruction and visualization in archaeology: case-study drawn from the work of the Swedish Pompeii Project [C]//2013 Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage).28 Oct.-1 Nov.2013,Marseille,France.IEEE, 2013: 621-628. DOI: 10.1109/DigitalHeritage.2013.6743804.
Cited in this article [2]
[45]
LANDESCHI G, DELL’UNTO N, LUNDQVIST K , et al. 3D-GIS as a platform for visual analysis:investigating a Pompeian house[J]. J Archaeol Sci, 2016,65:103-113. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2015.11.002.
Cited in this article [1]
[46]
REMONDINO F, EL-HAKIM S, GRUEN A , et al. Development and performance analysis of image matching for detailed surface reconstruction of heritage objects[J/OL]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2008: 55-64. [2020-02-12]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292757823_Development_and_performance_analysis_of_image_matching_for_detailed_surface_reconstruction_of_heritage_objects.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292757823_Development_and_performance_analysis_of_image_matching_for_detailed_surface_reconstruction_of_heritage_objects
Cited in this article [3]
[47]
张青萍, 梁慧琳, 李卫正 , 等. 数字化测绘技术在私家园林中的应用研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2018,42(1):1-6.
ZHANG Q P, LIANG H L, LI W Z , et al. Research of the application of digital survey techniques in private garden[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2018,42(1):1-6. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201704029.
Cited in this article [1]
[48]
LIANG H L, LI W Z, LAI S Q , et al. The integration of terrestrial laser scanning and terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle digital photogrammetry for the documentation of Chinese classical gardens:a case study of Huanxiu Shanzhuang,Suzhou,China[J]. J Cult Herit, 2018,33:222-230. DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2018.03.004.
Cited in this article [1]
[49]
白雪峰 . 数字化掇山研究[D]. 北京:北方工业大学, 2015.
BAI X F . Study on digitalization of Chinese rockery[D]. Beijing:North China University of Technology, 2015.
Cited in this article [1]
[50]
LIANG H L, LI W Z, LAI S Q , et al. How to survey,model,and measure rockeries in a Chinese classical garden:a case study for Huanxiu Shanzhuang,Suzhou,China[J]. Landsc Res, 2020,45(3):377-391. DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2019.1632276.
Cited in this article [1]
[51]
古丽圆, 古新仁 , 扬·伍斯德拉.三维数字技术在园林测绘中的应用:以假山测绘为例[J]. 建筑学报, 2016(S1):35-40.
GU L Y, GU X R, JAN W . The application of digital 3D technology IN garden surveys:rockwork as a case study[J]. Archit J, 2016(S1):35-40.
Cited in this article [1]
[52]
喻梦哲, 林溪 . 基于三维激光扫描与近景摄影测量技术的古典园林池山部分测绘方法探析[J]. 风景园林, 2017(2):117-122.
YU M Z, LIN X . Study on the surveying methods based upon the 3D laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry techniques of the rockery and pond in the classical Chinese gardens[J]. Landsc Archit, 2017(2):117-122. DOI: 10.14085/j.fjyl.2017.02.0117.06.
Cited in this article [1]
[53]
杨晨, 韩锋 . 数字化遗产景观:基于三维点云技术的上海豫园大假山空间特征研究[J]. 中国园林, 2018,34(11):20-24.
YANG C, HAN F . Digital heritage landscape:research on spatial character of the grand rockery of Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai based on 3D point cloud technologies[J]. Chin Landsc Archit, 2018,34(11):20-24. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6664.2018.11.005.
Cited in this article [1]
[54]
王时伟, 胡洁 . 数字化视野下的乾隆花园[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2018.
Cited in this article [1]
[55]
CHIARINI S, CREMONESI S, FREGONESE L , et al. A multi-range approach for cultural heritage survey:a case study in Mantua Unesco site[J]. ISPRS-Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spatial Inf Sci, 2014,40:157-164. DOI: 10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-5-157-2014.
Cited in this article [1]
[56]
JORDANA T R, GOETCHEUS C L, MADDEN C M . Point cloud mapping methods for documenting cultural landscape features at the wormsloe state historic site,savannah,Georgia,USA[J]. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spatial Inf Sci, 2016, XLI-B5:277-280. DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-277-2016.
Cited in this article [1]
[57]
朴文子, 高明, 马羽杨 . 圆明园西洋楼海晏堂基础信息采集与虚拟拼接研究[J]. 建筑史, 2016(2):147-160.
PIAO W Z, GAO M, MA Y Y . Information collection and sitching of haiyantang site,western building region,Yuanmingyuan[J]. Hist Archit, 2016(2):147-160.
Cited in this article [1]
[58]
贺艳, 马英华 . “数字遗产”理论与创新实践研究[J]. 中国文化遗产, 2016(2):4-17.
Cited in this article [1]
[59]
LIANG H L, LI W Z, ZHANG Q P . Semantic-based 3D information modelling and documentation of rockeries in Chinese classical gardens:a case study on the rockery at Huanxiu Shanzhuang,Suzhou,China[J]. J Cult Herit, 2019,37:247-258. DOI: 10.1016/j.culher.2018.11.015.
Cited in this article [1]
[60]
BOPP S M . The historic American buildings survey and interpretive drawing: using digital tools to facilitate comprehensive heritage documentation[D]. New York: Columbia University, 2014.
Cited in this article [1]
[61]
杨晨, 韩锋 . 美国遗产景观档案系统化建设的经验及启示[J]. 中国园林, 2019,35(6):45-49.
YANG C, HAN F . Experiences on developing heritage landscape documentation systems in America and its implications[J]. Chin Landsc Archit, 2019,35(6):45-49. DOI: 10.19775/j.cla.2019.06.0045.
Cited in this article [1]
[62]
杨晨 . 数字化遗产景观:澳大利亚巴拉瑞特城市历史景观数字化实践及其创新性[J]. 中国园林, 2017,33(6):83-88.
YANG C . Digital heritage landscapes:the digital historic urban landscape practice in Ballarat Australia and its innovativeness[J]. Chin Landsc Archit, 2017,33(6):83-88.
Cited in this article [2]
[63]
MEHRALIZADEH S . Documentation project for the historical garden complex of Mofakham in Bojnourd-Iran[J]. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spatial Inf Sci, 2013, XL-5/W2:431-436. DOI: 10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w2-431-2013.
Cited in this article [1]

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Copyright reserved © 2020.
PDF(3335 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail
Sections
Recommended
The full text is translated into English by AI, aiming to facilitate reading and comprehension. The core content is subject to the explanation in Chinese.

Author

Reader

Reviewer

www.nldxb.njfu.edu.cn

Edited ＆ Published by Editorial Department of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition)
Address： No.159 Longpan Road,Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu,P.R.China
E-mail ：xuebao@njfu.edu.cn , xuebao@njfu.com.cn
Telephone +86-25-85428247,85427076
Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation P.O. Box 399, Beijing ,P.R. China

/

〈 〉