Abstract: Gall nut is an important forest herb in China. One species of gall nut (dubei) and its relationship with the ecological environmental factors of geology, gemorpho-logy, soil, forest vegetation and climate in Qinling and Daba Mountain Range regions in the south of Shanxi have been investigated. Questions of how to protect and improve the ecological system for gall nut and how to exploit its productive potential have been discussed and suggestions made.