Abstract: The decomposition course of litter and the influence on the soil fertility were researched in Wugong Mountain Forest Farm in Ji An,Jiangxi province,from the beginning of 1985 by means of the new measurement of “planting Chinese fir and conserving the natural regenerated broad leaved tress”and of the traitional one of “burning cutting blank for afforestation”.The results obtained in past 10 years show that the new measurement is much better than the traditional one.Compared with the pure needles,the mixed litter is in their favour of decomposition,decreasing of the acidity and increasing of the organic matters in the soil.In addition,the decomposing process of two different kinds of litter was investigated in the lab with controlled conditions in order to reveal the mechanism.