Abstract: In order to clarify the effect of xenia on fruit and seed characteristics of Camellia oleifera, the main improved oil-tea camellia varieties including ‘Changlin 3', ‘Changlin 4', ‘Changlin 166', ‘Changlin 53' and ‘Changlin 18' were selected to do crossing by artificial pollination, and the fruit as well as seed characteristics including fatty acids composition were evaluated in this paper. The results showed that the fruit shape index, seed ratio, seed weight, oil content and fatty acid composition were significantly different between the female parents ‘Changlin 3' and ‘Changlin 4', and the fruit set, fruit weight, seed ratio, seed weight and oil content in kernel were significantly affected by xenia. However, no significant effect of xenia on fruit shape index and main fatty acid composition of camellia oil was found in female parents ‘Changlin 3' and ‘Changlin 4'. The relative xenia effect(RX)value of fruit set ratio, fruit weight and seed ratio in six hybridized conbination varied from -10.00% to 81.14%, -46.15% to 38.60% and -8.31% to 19.29%, respectively and the RX value of seed weight and oil content in kernel in six hybridized conbination varied from -24.63% to 22.69% and 0.30% to 11.17%, respectively. The oil content in kernel was increased by cross pollination and always showed the positive xenia effect. Overall, it has both the positive and negative xenia effect on fruit weight, seed weight as well as seed ratio, and the effect of xenia were dependent on parent. The fruit set ratio of cross fertilization should be given the priority during cultivation process. The appropriate pollination varieties for ‘Changlin 3' were ‘Changlin 53' as well as ‘Changlin 18', and the appropriate pollination varieties for ‘Changlin 4' were ‘Changlin 53' as well as ‘Changlin 166'.