Abstract: 【Objective】 Indicator system is imperative factor for a scientific assessment, data deficiency is usually the main restricting factor of an assessment. This study aims to develop an indicator system for the assessment and survey methods of macrofungal diversity in China and to standardize, unify and systematize the national survey and assessment of macrofungal diversity.【Method】 Based on the findings and progresses of previous studies, particularly the National Macrofungal Diversity Pilot Assessment, on macrofungal diversity and resource assessments and also biodiversity assessments, an indicator system for macrofungal diversity assessment in China was developed using the pressure-state-response(PSR)model, with helps of expert review and frequency analysis. The key techniques and methods of National Macrofungal Diversity Pilot Survey were developed based on domestic and foreign experiences. 【Result】The indicator system consists of 18 individual indicators to assess diversity, threatened status and conservation state of macrofungi on a regional scale. The spot survey method should be used to investigate species, distribution, habitats and threatening factors of macrofungi in the areas with rich biodiversity, e.g. nature reserves, whilst in other areas the line intercept method should be adopted. In addition to the above methods, interviews and market surveys should be considered for commercial macrofungi. In addition, the main principles and specific requirements of the system of survey method were clarified.【Conclusion】Indicators in the system for assessment might be grouped and logically linked under the Pressure-State-Response framework. In the survey methods, the spot survey and line intercept methods were the main methods. Interview and market surveys were supplementary. The results of the National Macrofungal Diversity Pilot Survey and Assessment suggested that the survey methods and indicator system of assessment were suitable for the biodiversity investigation and assessment of macrofungi at regional scale.