Transmission of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) through feeding activity of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903001

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 1-10.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903001

Special Issue: 松材线虫专题

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Transmission of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) through feeding activity of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

WANG Yang¹(), CHEN Jun², CHEN Fengmao¹^,^*(), ZHOU Quan¹, ZHOU Lifeng¹, SUN Shouhui³

1. Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Fengcheng City Forestry Pest Control and Quarantine Bureau of Liaoning Province, Fengcheng 118100, China
3. College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China

Received:2019-03-01 Revised:2019-09-02 Online:2019-11-30 Published:2019-11-30
Contact: CHEN Fengmao E-mail:wy21sj@163.com;cfengmao@njfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Systematic investigation of the start and end dates of pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilu) transmission following the emergence of long-horned beetle(Monochamus alternatus), the number and percentage of PWN transmitted, the temporal dynamics of PWN transmission, and the relationships between the number of PWN carried by adult beetle, the food intake and the longevity of M. alternatus, the duration of PWN transmission by M. alternatus and the number of PWN transmission. 【Method】Dead specimens of Pinus massoniana were collected in epidemic area of pine wilt disease before the emergence of M. alternatus. The specimens were cut into logs (1.0-1.5 m in length), and maintained in a large field cage (2.0 m × 2.0 m × 2.0 m) and kept outdoors. The M. alternatus adults were collected daily during the period of adult beetle emergence from the logs and fed individually with 1-year-old fresh twigs (diameter: 1-2 cm. length: 25-30 cm) of P. massoniana in insect-rearing cages (0.5 m × 0.5 m × 0.5 m). Twigs were replaced every 3 days and measured the amount of food consumed by each M. alternatus. The PWNs were extracted by the Baermann funnel method and record the number of PWNs transmitted by M. alternatus. The M. alternatus were dissected after they died. The PWNs remaining within the adult insects were extracted by the Baermann funnel method and counted under a microscope. Record the longevity and PWN carrying capacity of M. alternatus.【Result】 Only 16.7% ofM. alternatus transmit PWN in the early stage of their emergence, and 77.8% of M. alternatus transmit PWNs 7-12 days after their emergence. In addition, 88.8% of M. alternatus ended the transmission of PWNs 16-30 days after their emergence. The number of PWN transmitted was small in the early stage of the emergence of M. alternatus. However, the number of PWN transmitted increased rapidly one week after the emergence of M. alternatus. Two peaks of transmission occurred at 12 days and 24 days post the emergence of M. alternatus. The transmission of PWN continued at a low level one month after the emergence of M. alternatus until the end of transmission. On average, each of the M. alternatus carried (4 303.3 ± 7 399) and transmitted (490.7 ± 611.6) PWN. The 94.4% of M. alternatus could not transmit all PWNs to logs, and the proportion of PWN transmitted was 29.8%. The average duration of PWN transmission by was (15.4 ± 7.8) days. The mean longevity of M. alternatus was (37.8 ± 5.6) days. 【Conclusion】The date starting to transmit PWN was not significant between male and female M. alternatus after emergence, but there was a significant difference in the end of PWN transmission. The start date of the transmission of PWNs by M. alternatus was concentrated, but the end date of the transmission of PWNs was dispersed. The characteristics of the start-stop time of PWN transmission by M. alternatus may be related to the physiological changes of the PWN in adults beetle, which needs to be further studied. There was no significant difference in the number of PWN carried and transmitted between male and female M. alternatus. There was no significant difference between male and female M. alternatus in the temporal dynamics of transmission of PWN. The longer the duration of PWN transmission and larger the number of PWN carried by eachM. alternatus, the more PWN was transmitted. The duration of PWN transmission was little affected by the longevity of the M. alternatus or the number of PWN carried. There was no relationship between the longevity of M. alternatus and number of PWN transmitted; but PWN had a weak and not significant negative effect on the lifespan of the adult beetle. After emergence, the amount of food consumed by M. alternatus maintained at a high level throughout the adult stage without obvious regularity; there was no relationship detected between the amount of food consumed and the number of PWN transmitted.

Key words: Monochamus alternatus, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus[pine wood nematode(PWN)], feeding, quantity of transmission

CLC Number:

S763

WANG Yang, CHEN Jun, CHEN Fengmao, ZHOU Quan, ZHOU Lifeng, SUN Shouhui. Transmission of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) through feeding activity of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2019, 43(6): 1-10.

Figures/Tables 5

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type 类别	No. 编号	quantity of PWN transmitted/pieces 线虫传播量	quantity of PWN remaining/pieces 线虫残余量	quantity of PWN carried/pieces 线虫携带量	percentage of PWN transmitted/% 线虫传播比例
male 雄性天牛	1	48	83	131	36.64
	2	87	338	425	20.47
	3	404	4 500	4 904	8.34
	4	361	2 670	3 031	11.91
	5	33	3 600	3 633	0.91
	6	93	113	206	45.12
	7	92	13 140	13 232	0.70
female 雌性天牛	8	1 274	7 050	8 324	15.31
	9	1 221	1 118	2 339	52.20
	10	89	1 120	1 209	7.36
	11	124	1 736	1 860	6.67
	12	569	315	884	64.37
	13	83	1 001	1 084	7.66
	14	2 160	1 280	3 440	62.79
	15	36	0	36	100.00
	16	96	113	209	45.93
	17	809	950	1 759	45.99
	18	1 254	29 500	30 754	4.08
mean ± SD 平均值±标准差	male雄性天牛	159.7±154.4	3 492.0±4 614.7	3 651.7±4 626.3	17.7±17.4
	female雌性天牛	701.4±704.3	4 016.6±8 669.8	4 718.0±8 930.6	37.5±3.6
	total总体	490.7±611.6	3 812.6±7 197.3	4 303.3±7 399	29.8±28.1

Transmission of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) through feeding activity of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

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type 类别	No. 编号	quantity of PWN transmitted /pieces 传播线虫量	duration of PWN transmitted/d 传播线虫时长	longevity of M. alternatus/d 天牛寿命
male 雄性天牛	1	48	9	30
	2	87	9	42
	3	404	15	39
	4	361	14	39
	5	33	3	39
	6	93	9	30
	7	92	18	30
female 雌性天牛	8	1274	33	45
	9	1221	21	45
	10	89	6	42
	11	124	18	45
	12	569	21	42
	13	83	27	42
	14	2160	21	36
	15	36	9	39
	16	96	9	33
	17	809	21	30
	18	1254	15	33
mean ± SD 平均值± 标准差	male 雄性天牛	159.7±154.4	11.0±5.0	35.6±5.3
	female 雌性天牛	701.0±704.3	18.3±8.1	39.3±5.4
	total 总体	490.7±611.6	15.4±7.8	37.8±5.6

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