Variation and provenance juvenile selection of growth and wood characters for Dalbergia odorifera

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903018

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 11-17.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903018

Special Issue: 红木类珍贵树种专题

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Variation and provenance juvenile selection of growth and wood characters for Dalbergia odorifera

HONG Zhou(), YANG Zengjiang, ZHANG Ningnan, GUO Junyu, LIU Xiaojin, CUI Zhiyi, XU Daping^*()

Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China

Received:2019-03-07 Revised:2019-04-23 Online:2020-02-08 Published:2020-02-02
Contact: XU Daping E-mail:hzhou1981@sina.com;gzfsrd@163.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen, commonly known as Hainan Huanghuali, Jiangxiang or Hualimu, belongs to the genus Dalbergia, family Papilionoideae. It is a unique redwood tree species in China and is used to make high quality furniture. The variation of provenance and provenance division of growth and wood basic density of D. odorifera were studied, and fast-growing, high-quality provenance was selected preliminarily, which provided strong seedlings for afforestation in Guangdong.【Method】 We analyzed growth (height, diameter at breast height (DBH) as well as single tree volume) and wood traits (wood base density and heartwood ratio) in the 11-year provenance test conducted in Yangjiang, Guangdong Province. Furthermore, we explored the correlation between phenotypic and genotypic characters and original geo-climatic factors. Based on the results generated from cluster analysis and membership function method, the provenances with superior growth and wood properties were selected at early stage. 【Result】 Significant or extremely significant provenance variations were observed in height, DBH, volume, wood basic density and heartwood ratio of D. odorifera, suggesting genetic differentiation among provenances. The variation ranges of provenance for DBH and tree volume were 3.07-13.73 cm and 0.002 156-0.050 541 m³, respectively. The maximum value of provenance was 4.47 and 23.44 times of the minimum value, and the coefficients of variation of provenance phenotype for DBH and tree volume were 26.01% and 61.99%, respectively. Compared to the growth character, the provenance differentiation of wood basic density was relatively small, with the values ranging from 0.416-0.768 g/cm³. The maximum value of provenance was 1.84 times of the minimum value, and the phenotypic variation coefficient of provenance was 8.85%. On an average, 33.54% of D. odorifera plants formed heartwood when 10 years old, and the variation range of provenance was 16.67%-50.00%. No significant positive correlation was observed between wood basic density and height, DBH and volume (0.60, 0.54 and 0.50, respectively). The DBH and volume of D. odorifera provenance were positively correlated with the ratio of heartwood. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis showed that the 8 provenances could be classified into 2 groups with clear geographic structure. The first group consisted of the Northeast coastal provenances zoo of Hainan Island, including Haikou, Wenchang and Wanning provenances, and the second group consisted of Midwest mountain provenances zoo of Hainan, including Bawangling, Dongfang, Wuzhishan, Baisha and Jianfeng provenances. Three growth characters and two wood characters ofD. odorifera were selected for comprehensive evaluation by membership function method used in fuzzy mathematics. The comprehensive evaluation of 8 provenances was different, ranging from 0 to 0.90. The highest average subordinate value was Baisha provenance (0.90), followed by Bawangling provenance (0.61). According to the final evaluation of the comprehensive score, the Baisha provenance was the best. The tree height, DBH, volume, basic density, and the proportion of forming heartwood of Baisha provenance were increased 5.61%, 14.04%, 42.78%, 0.33% and 17.23%, respectively.【Conclusion】 The genetic provenance differentiation of D. odorifera was related to location annual rainfall and average temperature. The local annual precipitation and average temperature were the main climatic factors which led to the variation of wood density for D. odorifera. The provenances tested from lower annual precipitation and annual average temperature region were not only higher in height,diameter and tree volume but also exhibited higher wood basic density and heartwood ratio. Baisha provenance from the middle mountain area with fast growing, highly-quality wood and higher heartwood forming ratio was considered to possess high adaptability for afforestation in Guangdong Province.

Key words: Dalbergia odorifera, growth, wood traits, provenance, juvenile selection, redwood tree

CLC Number:

S722

HONG Zhou, YANG Zengjiang, ZHANG Ningnan, GUO Junyu, LIU Xiaojin, CUI Zhiyi, XU Daping. Variation and provenance juvenile selection of growth and wood characters for Dalbergia odorifera[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(1): 11-17.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

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Fig.1

Table 6

References 30

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种源 provenance	经度 (E)/ (°) longitude	纬度 (N)/ (°) latitude	海拔/m altitude	7月平均气温/℃ average temperature in July	1月平均气温/℃ average temperature in January	年降水量/mm annual precipitation	年均气温/℃ annual average temperature
文昌Wenchang	110.7	19.6	30	28.6	18.2	1 777	24.3
海口Haikou	110.3	20.1	61	28.7	17.3	1 790	24.1
白沙Baisha	109.4	19.2	173	27.3	17.6	1 341	23.4
五指山Wuzhishan	109.6	18.8	146	24.6	16.2	1 395	21.2
东方Dongfang	108.6	19.1	63	29.3	19.1	1 515	24.9
尖峰Jianfeng	109.1	18.6	57	27.8	19.1	1 310	24.2
万宁Wanning	110.7	18.8	60	28.8	20	1 826	25.2
霸王岭Bawanglin	109.1	19.1	166	25.7	16.4	1 495	21.9

性状 traits	均值 mean	变幅 range	表型变异系数/% PCV	变异来源source of variation
性状 traits	均值 mean	变幅 range	表型变异系数/% PCV	种源provenance	区组block	误差error
树高/m height	4.7	2.7~7.2	13.09	0.697 000^*	6.363 000^**	0.318 000
胸径/cm DBH	7.42	3.07~13.73	26.01	11.833 000^**	2.020 000^ns	3.560 000
材积/m³tree volume	0.013 201	0.002 156~0.050 541	61.99	0.000 266^**	0.000 076 ^ns	0.000 061
基本密度/(g·cm^-3) base density	0.596	0.416~0.768	8.85	0.007 139^*	0.002 436 ^ns	0.002 749
心材比率/% heartwood ratio	35.54	16.67~50.00	27.88	198.330 000^*	-	54.360 000

种源 provenance	树高/m height	胸径/cm DBH	材积/m³ tree volume	基本密度/(g·cm^-3) base density	心材比率/% heartwood ratio
文昌Wenchang	4.7±0.7 ab	6.77±0.90 bc	0.010 619±0.003 986 bc	0.586±0.051 a	28.97±4.18 bc
海口Haikou	4.6±0.6 b	7.22±1.56 bc	0.012 108±0.005 874 bc	0.590±0.044 a	35.81±5.49 ab
白沙Baisha	5.0±0.9 a	8.46±2.69 a	0.018 848±0.011 539 a	0.598±0.048 a	41.67±8.33 ab
五指山Wuzhishan	4.8±0.6 ab	7.13±1.56 bc	0.012 094±0.006 087 bc	0.614±0.053 a	34.05±12.30 abc
东方Dongfang	4.7±0.6 ab	7.79±2.45 ab	0.014 150±0.011 219 b	0.594±0.054 a	35.87±10.70 ab
尖峰Jianfeng	4.6±0.4 b	7.23±1.51 bc	0.011 933±0.006 118 bc	0.598±0.055 ab	40.33±5.15 ab
万宁Wanning	4.5±0.5 b	6.33±1.06 c	0.008 894±0.003 624 c	0.561±0.049 b	20.56±4.19 c
霸王岭Bawanglin	4.7±0.6 ab	7.59±1.83 ab	0.013 670±0.007 390 b	0.591±0.057 ab	47.04±2.80 a

指标 index	树高 height	胸径 DBH	材积 tree volume	基本密度 base density
胸径 DBH	0.82^**
材积 tree volume	0.86^**	0.98^**
基本密度 base density	0.60	0.54	0.50
心材比率 heartwood ratio	0.49	0.77^**	0.70^*	0.62

性状 traits	经度 longitude	纬度 latitude	海拔 altitude	7月平均气温 average temperature in July	1月平均气温 average temperature in January	年降水 annual precipitation	年均气温 annual average temperature
树高 height	-0.35	0.22	0.59	-0.28	-0.50	-0.47	-0.50
胸径 DBH	-0.71^*	0.06	0.62	-0.18	-0.35	-0.67	-0.36
材积 tree volume	-0.60	0.06	0.67	-0.2	-0.35	-0.64	-0.36
基本密度 base density	-0.57	-0.09	0.46	-0.62	-0.67	-0.74^*	-0.76^*
心材比率 heartwood ratio	-0.74^*	0.01	0.61	-0.44	-0.58	-0.70^*	-0.53

Variation and provenance juvenile selection of growth and wood characters for Dalbergia odorifera

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排序 rank	种源 provenance	树高 height	胸径 DBH	材积 tree volume	基本密度 base density	心材比率 heartwood ratio	平均值 mean
1	白沙Baisha	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.70	0.80	0.90
2	霸王岭Bawanglin	0.45	0.59	0.48	0.57	1.00	0.61
3	东方Dongfang	0.55	0.69	0.53	0.62	0.58	0.59
4	五指山Wuzhishan	0.57	0.37	0.32	1.00	0.51	0.55
5	尖峰Jianfeng	0.19	0.42	0.31	0.70	0.75	0.47
6	海口Haikou	0.35	0.42	0.32	0.55	0.58	0.44
7	文昌Wenchang	0.52	0.21	0.17	0.47	0.32	0.33
8	万宁Wanning	0	0	0	0	0	0