Spatiotemporal changes of vegetation NDVI and those reasons in northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209020

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 31-41.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209020

Special Issue: 第三届中国林草计算机应用大会论文精选（Ⅱ）

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Spatiotemporal changes of vegetation NDVI and those reasons in northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park

SHI Song(), LI Wen(), ZHAI Yucen, LIN Xiaopeng, DING Yishu

College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2022-09-08 Revised:2023-04-10 Online:2023-07-30 Published:2023-07-20

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The northeastern China Tiger and Leopard National Park is an important ecological security barrier in the northeast China, due to sensitivity of the vegetation to climate change and anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal changes in the vegetation of the region to provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration and improvement in the park management system. 【Method】Based on normalized difference vegetation index(MODIS NDVI) data of the growing season (April to October) from 2001 to 2020, Sen+Mann-Kendall trend analysis along with data supplemented by the Google earth engine(GEE) cloud platform, DEM data, meteorological data, land use data, and vegetation type data were used to reveal the spatiotemporal change characteristics of vegetation in the northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park at different time scales. This considered the time lag effect of different vegetation types on climate change and their differences, as well as partial correlation analysis. Additionally, improved residual and relative role analyses were conducted to quantify the response mechanisms of the vegetation to climate change and anthropogenic activities, and clarify the relative role of climate change and anthropogenic activities in the evolution of vegetation under different conditions.【Result】 (1) Temporally, the growing season NDVI of the park showed a significant increasing trend at a rate of 0.003 2/a in the past 20 a (P<0.05). In different growing seasons, the order of the mean value and rate of increase of NDVI was summer >spring >autumn and spring >autumn >summer, respectively. Spatially, the NDVI trend showed clear seasonal and regional differences from 2001 to 2020; however, the improved area was larger than the overall degraded area. Since the seasonal cycle changes occurred within the growing season, the NDVI improvement area first decreased and then increased, and the main NDVI trend shifted from ‘significant improvement’ to ‘slight improvement’. (2) The spatial heterogeneity of the NDVI of the park in response to climate at different time scales was clear; however, the NDVI was positively correlated with both air temperature and precipitation, and the response of the NDVI to air temperature was stronger than precipitation. The area with a significant positive correlation between the NDVI and air temperature was larger in spring and growing seasons (P<0.05), accounting for 83.558% and 42.241% respectively, while most areas of the park showed no significant positive correlation between the NDVI and precipitation at each time scale (P≥0.05). Different vegetation types had different time lags for the maximum response of the NDVI to air temperature and precipitation, except for cultivated vegetation and meadows, wherein the response lags of other vegetation types were stronger to precipitation than to air temperature. (3) The impact of anthropogenic activity on the NDVI of the park had dual effects, in which the areas that positively promoted and negatively disturbed the NDVI trend accounted for 94.087% and 5.913%, respectively. The implementation of forestry projects was key for increasing NDVI, while the expansion of construction land was the prime factor for increasing NDVI. (4) The NDVI trend of the park was driven by both climate change and anthropogenic activities, but the mean relative role of climate change and anthropogenic activities on the NDVI trend was 32.699% and 67.301%, respectively. The mean relative role of human activities was greater than that of climate change in both the NDVI improved and degraded areas.【Conclusion】 The vegetation status of the northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park has been generally improved from 2001 to 2020, with significant differences in spatiotemporal trends of vegetation at different time scales. Air temperature was the dominant climatic factor that promoted vegetation growth in the park at each time scale, and the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities on vegetation changes varied significantly in terms of geography. However, both were dominated by positive effects, with the contribution of anthropogenic activities to the NDVI changes of the park being relatively higher. It is suggested that in the future, in addition to the park vegetation maintenance, efforts should be made to improve the adaptability of vegetation to climate change, along with ensuring continuous implementation of ecological restoration measures and curbing overexploitation of land resources.

Key words: normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), spatiotemporal change, climate change, anthropogenic activity, Google earth engine(GEE)

CLC Number:

TP79
S718

SHI Song, LI Wen, ZHAI Yucen, LIN Xiaopeng, DING Yishu. Spatiotemporal changes of vegetation NDVI and those reasons in northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(4): 31-41.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1

Table 1

Evaluation method for the relative role of climate change and human activities in the process of NDVI change under different situations"

不同情景different situations			气候变化的相对作用/% relative role of climate change	人类活动的相对作用/% relative role of human activities	驱动力 driving force
$β I a c t$	$β I p r e$	$β I r e s$	气候变化的相对作用/% relative role of climate change	人类活动的相对作用/% relative role of human activities	驱动力 driving force
>0	>0	>0	$Δ I p r e Δ I p r e + Δ I r e s$	$Δ I r e s Δ I p r e + Δ I r e s$	C&H+
	>0	<0	100	0	C+
	<0	>0	0	100	H+
<0	<0	<0	$Δ I p r e Δ I p r e + Δ I r e s$	$Δ I r e s Δ I p r e + Δ I r e s$	C&H-
	<0	>0	100	0	C-
	>0	<0	0	100	H-

Table 1

Fig.2

Fig. 3

Table 2

Fig.4

Table 3

Fig.5

Table 4

Fig.6

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时间尺度 time scale	气温air temperature		降水量precipitation
时间尺度 time scale	变化率/ (℃·a^-1) change rate	R_NDVI	变化率/ (mm·a^-1) change rate	R_NDVI
春季spring	0.050	0.769^*	-0.404	0.006
夏季summer	0.100^*	0.374	6.776	0.053
秋季autumn	0.042	0.453	4.410	0.242
生长季growing season	0.069^*	0.647^*	11.306^*	0.427

时期 period	影响因子 influence factor	与不同植被类型NDVI的偏相关系数 partial correlation coefficients with NDVI of different vegetation types
时期 period	影响因子 influence factor	针叶林 coniferous forest	针阔混交林 mixed needle and broad- leaved forest	阔叶林 broad- leaved forest	灌丛 bush	栽培植被 cultivated vegetation	草甸 meadow
同期 current month	气温air temperature	0.581^*	0.655^*	0.649^*	0.529^*	0.609^*	0.609^*
	降水precipitation	0.044	0.407	0.434	0.214	0.549^*	0.622^*
滞后1月 one month lag	气温air temperature	0.500^*	0.575^*	0.628^*	0.553^*	0.598^*	0.435^*
	降水precipitation	0.111	0.409	0.531^*	0.234	0.530^*	0.560
滞后2月 two months lag	气温air temperature	0.495^*	0.486^*	0.593^*	0.386	0.622^*	0.267
	降水precipitation	0.031	0.319	0.364	0.129	0.480	0.460
滞后3月 three months lag	气温air temperature	0.439	0.418	0.537^*	0.380	0.609^*	0.242^*
	降水precipitation	-0.033	-0.116	-0.162	-0.248	-0.182^*	0.061

2020	2001						转入面积合计 total transferred in area
2020	耕地 cropland	林地 woodland	草地 grassland	水域 water	建设用地 construction land	未利用地 unused land	转入面积合计 total transferred in area
耕地cropland	—	52.310	0.385	0.417	0.124	0.004	53.240
林地woodland	64.724	—	0.840	0.499	0.000	0.001	66.064
草地grassland	4.810	1.580	—	0.005	0.000	0.000	6.395
水域water	5.612	0.923	0.009	—	5.755	0.004	12.303
建设用地construction land	6.698	3.309	0.553	0.352	—	0.015	10.927
未利用地unused land	0.009	0.001	0.010	0.005	0.008	—	0.033
转出面积合计 total transferred out area	81.853	58.123	1.797	1.278	5.887	0.024	148.962

Spatiotemporal changes of vegetation NDVI and those reasons in northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park

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