Evaluating the structure complexity of different forest types in the central part of the Greater Khingan Mountains

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112016

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 147-155.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112016

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Evaluating the structure complexity of different forest types in the central part of the Greater Khingan Mountains

DONG Lingbo(), TANG Yaru, TIAN Dongyuan, LIU Zhaogang^*(), LIN Xueying

Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem and Management, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 100040, China

Received:2021-11-19 Revised:2022-02-21 Online:2023-09-30 Published:2023-10-10

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The complexity of different forest types was evaluated to determine the main factors affecting stand structure and provide a theoretical basis upon which the precise forest management can be developed.【Method】A total of 30 permanent sample plots comprising different stand types (Betula platyphylla forest, Larix gmelinii-Betula platyphylla mixed forest and Larix gmelinii forest) in Cuigang Forest Farm, the Greater Khingan Mountains were investigated and 13 indicators selected to consider four aspects, namely stand structure, forest tree size diversity, forest dynamic and soil conditions. The stand complexity was evaluated using the radar chart method.【Result】The diameter distribution of the three stand types was found to be in the form of an inverse “J” pattern, with the overall tree distribution generally random; however, slight uniformity was observed. The tree size differentiation was inferior and middling, while stand density varied from medium to dense. The maximum stand mixing, Simpson diversity, Shannon-Wiener and Pielou evenness index results were obtained for L. gmelinii-B. platyphylla mixed forest, while the maximum stand volume and healthy wood proportion were observed in L. gmelinii forest. No significant differences were observed in terms of natural regeneration, soil organic matter, and soil humus layer thickness in different succession stages (P>0.05). The forest structure complexity was observed in the order of L. gmelinii-B. platyphylla mixed forest (0.45) > L. gmelinii forest (0.37) > B. platyphylla forest (0.31), during which the stand mixing, the Simpson diversity index, and the healthy tree proportion were the main factors affecting complexity. 【Conclusion】 The overall complexity of the forest structure is inferior. For the subsequent forest management, increasing the species diversity and improving the forest environment can promote positive progress in forest restoration and succession.

Key words: stand type, stand structure, complexity, evaluation index, the Greater Khingan Mountains

CLC Number:

S718

DONG Lingbo, TANG Yaru, TIAN Dongyuan, LIU Zhaogang, LIN Xueying. Evaluating the structure complexity of different forest types in the central part of the Greater Khingan Mountains[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(5): 147-155.

Figures/Tables 7

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林型 forest type	统计项 statistic item	平均树龄/ a average age	平均胸径/cm mean DBH	平均树高/m average height	林分密度/ (株·hm^-2) stand density	白桦蓄积占比/% proportion of BF volume	落叶松蓄积占比/% proportion of LF volume
BF	最小值min	39.00	10.76	11.03	633.30	65.36	0.04
	最大值max	46.00	14.24	14.20	1 583.30	99.43	31.89
	平均值mean	42.20	12.18	11.89	1 140.40	76.01	16.82
	标准差SD	2.03	1.28	0.94	329.07	10.70	10.68
	变异系数/% CV	20.73	10.51	7.91	28.86	14.08	63.50
MF	最小值min	45.00	10.51	10.86	866.30	25.72	35.16
	最大值max	66.00	15.55	15.32	1 550.00	52.03	61.47
	平均值mean	54.40	12.39	12.27	1 257.00	40.56	52.78
	标准差SD	6.73	1.43	1.34	240.78	7.93	7.16
	变异系数/% CV	12.37	11.54	10.92	19.16	19.55	13.57
LF	最小值min	49.00	9.88	9.51	600.00	5.18	67.88
	最大值max	86.00	20.86	16.48	2 250.00	19.54	93.53
	平均值mean	62.60	12.56	11.62	1 501.90	12.15	83.46
	标准差SD	12.09	3.07	1.90	488.08	5.72	8.12
	变异系数/% CV	19.31	24.44	16.35	32.50	47.08	9.73

评价指标 evaluation index	评价标准 evaluation standard	评价值 evaluation value
直径分布diameter distribution	q∈[1.2,1.7]	1
	多峰分布	0.50
	单峰分布	0
角尺度 uniform angle	适度指标	[0, 1]
混交度 mingling	正向指标	[0, 1]
大小比数 dominance	负向指标	[0, 1]
密集度 crowding	负向指标	[0, 1]
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index	正向指标	[0, 1]
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	正向指标	[0, 1]
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	正向指标	[0, 1]
林分蓄积stand volume	正向指标	[0, 1]
健康木占比/% healthy tree proportion	100	1
	[90,100)	0.75
	[70,90)	0.50
	<70	0
天然更新数量/(株·hm^-2) natural regeneration quantity	≥2 500	1
	[500,2 500)	0.50
	<500	0
土壤有机质质量分数/% content soil organic matter	>3	1
	[1,3]	0.50
	<1	0
腐殖质层厚度/cm humus layer thickness	≥20	1
	[10,20)	0.50
	<10	0

指标 index	BF	MF	LF
直径分布diameter distribution	1.41±0.26 a	1.31±0.21 a	1.28±0.24 a
角尺度 uniform angle	0.51±0.04 b	0.47±0.04 a	0.49±0.03 ab
混交度 mingling	0.29±0.14 a	0.43±0.08 b	0.30±0.17 a
大小比数 dominance	0.51±0.03 a	0.51±0.06 a	0.48±0.06 a
密集度 crowding	0.49±0.14 ab	0.44±0.16 a	0.63±0.22 b
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index	0.34±0.14 a	0.51±0.06 b	0.34±0.11 a
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	0.58±0.20 a	0.77±0.19 b	0.58±0.18 a
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	0.59±0.22 a	0.90±0.12 b	0.56±0.15 a
林分蓄积/(m³·hm^-2) stand volume	93.33±30.48 a	112.59±20.26 ab	134.79±47.48 b
健康木占比/% healthy tree proportion	68.60±16.32 a	84.2±10.63 b	90.20±8.99 b
天然更新数量/(株·hm^-2) natural regeneration quantity	709±286.41 a	1 227±1 038.76 a	1 090±584.04 a
土壤有机质质量分数/% content of soil organic matter	5.48±40.75 a	5.51±26.31 a	5.47±39.97 a
腐殖质层厚度/cm humus thickness	16.80±3.46 a	16.50±3.92 a	17.50±4.25 a

指标 index	BF	MF	LF	指标 index	BF	MF	LF
直径分布 diameter distribution	倒“J”形	倒“J”形	倒“J”形	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index	0.77	0.71	0.63
角尺度 uniform angle	随机分布	随机分布	随机分布	林分蓄积/(m³·hm^-2) stand volume	131.12	105.39	194.84
混交度 mingling	0.43	0.56	0.42	健康木占比/% healthy tree proportion	84.81	90.35	97.30
大小比数 dominance	0.51	0.50	0.42	天然更新数量/(株·hm^-2) natural regeneration quantity	617	4 000	1 233
密集度 crowding	0.42	0.77	0.19	土壤有机质质量分数/% content of soil organic matter	5.12	5.24	5.41
Simpson多样性指数 Simpson diversity index	0.35	0.62	0.45	腐殖质层厚度/cm humus thickness	19	15	14
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	0.54	1.15	0.69	综合评价值 overall evaluation value	0.42	0.54	0.50

Evaluating the structure complexity of different forest types in the central part of the Greater Khingan Mountains

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[1]	LUO Li, HOU Yanan, YANG Jingyuan, YU Xinwen, GAO Lingwang, OUYANG Xuan, YANG Minglun, GAO Jiajun, GUO Anqi, LIU Yukun. Exploration of dynamic changes of sound diversity based on acoustic index in the Shennongjia National Park, China [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(5): 39-48.
[2]	DENG Rui, ZHANG Meili, ZHOU Ming, ZHENG Baojiang. A newly recorded plant of the genus Ribes from China [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(2): 231-233.
[3]	JIANG Jiawen, WEN Xiaorong, GU Haibo, ZHANG Zhengnan, LIU Fangzhou, ZHANG Yanli, SUN Yuan. Dynamic analysis of point cloud characteristic parameters and volume structure based on multi-station scan [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2019, 43(6): 83-90.
[4]	WANG Qiuyan,CHEN Pengfei,LI Xuedong,FENG Yan, SONG Xinyu,FU Liyong . Review of forest health assessment methods [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2018, 42(02): 177-183.
[5]	LIU Zhilong, MING Angang, JIA Hongyan, CAI Daoxiong, MA Yue, WANG Yanan, SUN Dongjing. Effects of close-to-nature transformation on structure characteristics of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2017, 41(04): 101-107.
[6]	WU Chuping, YE Jihua,ZHANG Jun, SHEN Aihua, ZHU Jinru, YING Baogen, YUAN Weigao, JIANG Bo. The variation of stand structure of Pinus thunbergii forest after the invasion of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2013, 37(05): 81-86.
[7]	HU Chuanfang, YUE Qin*. The linear complexity of pn+1periodic generalized cyclotomic sequence over GF(q) [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2012, 36(05): 145-147.
[8]	YOU Haimei，FUJIWARA Kazue. Plant community complexity of Platycladus orienalis plantation in low elevation mountains and hills of Xuzhou [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2011, 35(06): 34-38.
[9]	MA Shunsheng, ZHANG Peiqi, ZHU Liqun, BIAN Xinmin. Evaluation of the urban ecological suitability and a case analysis [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2011, 35(04): 51-57.
[10]	DENG Songqiu, YAN Jiafeng, GUAN Qingwei*, YU Shuiqiang. Cluster analysis on site type classification of scenic forest [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2009, 33(03): 73-77.
[11]	Zhou Chunguo She Guanghui Wu Fuzheng(Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037)Cheng Yongfu Yang Yancheng Wang Songling(Chinese Academy of Forestry )Yang Xiusen Li Dajiang. A　STUDY　ON　THE　TROPICAL　RAIN　FOREST　STAND　STRUCTUREWITH　IMPROVED　WEIBULL　FUNCTION [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 1998, 22(04): 12-16.
[12]	Cheng Xiaoyi & Lin Changgeng. A STAND STRUCTURE DENSITY DIAGRAM FOR SCHRENK SPRUCE IN XINGJIANG [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 1988, 12(01): 19-28.