Function evaluation and structure analysis of national nature reserve in Yunnan Province

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303006

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 235-244.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303006

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Function evaluation and structure analysis of national nature reserve in Yunnan Province

YIN Changxi¹(), QIU Shouming²^,^*(), FENG Yanbin²

1. Coastal Digital Culture and Tourism Research Center,College of Management,Zhanjiang University of Science and Technology, Zhanjiang 524086,China
2. College of Economics and Management,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China

Received:2023-03-05 Revised:2023-08-02 Online:2025-01-30 Published:2025-01-21
Contact: QIU Shouming E-mail:1209083653@qq.com;qsm313@163.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Identifying the multifunctional status and hierarchical structure of national nature reserves in Yunnan Province can clarify their functional effectiveness and optimization paths while also providing ideas for establishing the spatial layout and cluster management of the nature reserve system, with national parks as the primary focus.【Method】Based on the functional evaluation system constructed using the pressure-state-response model, which considered the 20 national nature reserves distributed in Yunnan Province as subjects. The entropy value method was utilized to classify the functional levels. At the same time, the order-size law and the coupling coordination degree model were applied to analyze the structure of the functional levels and summarized the types of functional structures. 【Result】The national nature reserves in Yunnan Province exhibited inconsistent progress in their current roles, necessitating a coordinated evolution of these functions. The Zipf index indicated that the functions of Yunnan Province's national nature reserves align with the principle of positional order scale, characterized by uniform development. However, the functional items did not reach a definitive edge, highlighting the need to create beneficial functional items within a single protected area. The national nature reserves in Yunnan Province demonstrated a more intense coupling, significant state dysfunction, and a singular protected area’s coupling strength function. The extent of coordination among these variations could be categorized into generally developed, generally lagging, and severely lagging types. 【Conclusion】A primary reason for the heterogeneity in the functional structure of the study area is the interplay between ecological context and economic and social conditions. Future work should focus on enhancing the dynamic nature reserve monitoring network at the provincial level, which aligns with the principle of “synthesis and special characteristics”. Better-developed national nature reserves should be utilized as a central point to merge and optimize the construction of national parks by modernizing adjacent nature reserves. This approach aims to foster the orderly development of nature reserve functions in Yunnan Province and facilitate the synergistic building of nature reserves.

Key words: natural ecological reserve, national park, functional architecture, ecological conservation, natural education, pressure-state-response model, Yunnan Province

CLC Number:

YIN Changxi, QIU Shouming, FENG Yanbin. Function evaluation and structure analysis of national nature reserve in Yunnan Province[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2025, 49(1): 235-244.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Table 1

Evaluation system for multi-function of national nature reserve in Yunnan Province"

目标层 target layer	准则层 criterion layer	指标层 index layer	指标说明与作用方向 index analysis and impact nature	权重 weight
生态保护 ecological conservation	压力	P1 人类足迹指数(HFI)	人类活动对生态系统的干扰程度(-)	0.008 9
	状态	P2 生态代表性	国家保护物种的级别与数量(+)	0.030 2
	状态	P3 归一化植被指数(NDVI)	植被覆盖及其生长活力(+)	0.017 4
	状态	P4 周长面积分维数(PAFRAC)	不同空间尺度景观性状的复杂性(+)	0.008 7
	状态	P5 蔓延度指数(CONTAG)	反映景观中不同斑块类型的延展趋势(+)	0.030 8
	状态	P6 香农多样性指数(SHDI)	斑块类型在景观中均衡化趋势分布情况(+)	0.016 2
	响应	P7 生态系统弹性指数	生态系统抵抗外界压力和扰动的调节能力(+)	0.011 0
	响应	P8 生态保护意识及力度	社区及管理者对生态保护的重视程度(+)	0.083 5
社区发展 community development	压力	R1 城乡可支配收入差距	城乡居民可支配收入差异(-)	0.017 4
	压力	R2 社区人口密度	人口总量/区域面积(-)	0.010 0
	状态	R3 人均GDP	地区生产总值/人口总量(+)	0.026 6
	状态	R4 城镇化率	县城人口/户籍人口(+)	0.021 6
	响应	R5 人均存款余额	居民储蓄存款余额/人口总量(+)	0.047 6
	响应	R6 产业结构	第一、二产业增加值/GDP(-)	0.014 1
科学研究 scientific research	压力	E1 科研基础设施	监测站等科研基础设施状况(+)	0.070 2
	状态	E2 科研价值	相关论文的被引频次(+)	0.115 5
	响应	E3 科研经费支持	相关科研项目基金的经费总额(+)	0.091 4
自然教育 natural education	压力	T1 教育设施及服务	讲解、牌示等教育服务及设施状况(+)	0.096 3
	状态	T2 景观教育价值	景观所蕴含的自然科学及社会文化知识(+)	0.027 4
	响应	T3 教育场所数量	教育场所数量/人口总量(+)	0.014 9
休闲游憩 leisure	压力	O1 交通可达性	通车里程/区域面积(+)	0.028 8
	压力	O2 游憩环境适宜性	区域平均海拔(-)	0.010 6
	状态	O3 旅游人次密度	旅游人次/区域面积(+)	0.083 7
	状态	O4 旅游经济密度	旅游收入/区域面积(+)	0.103 2
	响应	O5 第三产业就业比	第三产业就业人数/人口总量(+)	0.014 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Table 3

Multi-functional evaluation, coupling and coordinating degree evaluation of national nature reserve in Yunnan Province"

国家级自然保护区 national-level nature reserve	功能评价 advantage functions					耦合度 coupling	协调度 coordination
国家级自然保护区 national-level nature reserve	生态保护 ecological conservation	社区发展 community development	科学研究 scientific research	自然教育 natural education	休闲游憩 leisure	耦合度 coupling	协调度 coordination
西双版纳 Xishuangbanna	0.164 5	0.059 1	0.127 7	0.127 2	0.035 3	0.865 8	0.299 5
南滚河 Nangun River	0.073 2	0.041 2	0.001 8	0.032 5	0.040 6	0.617 6	0.148 1
苍山洱海 Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake	0.135 3	0.115 3	0.277 1	0.138 4	0.233 1	0.941 9	0.429 4
元江 Yuan River	0.061 4	0.057 2	0.052 0	0.012 6	0.019 4	0.835 9	0.185 9
云龙天池 Yunlong Tianchi	0.071 6	0.027 9	0.025 6	0.013 8	0.031 1	0.864 8	0.174 3
高黎贡山 Gaoligong Mountains	0.149 0	0.055 1	0.074 7	0.068 7	0.053 2	0.925 3	0.274 4
白马雪山 Baima Snow Mountains	0.142 0	0.045 4	0.126 5	0.063 1	0.014 1	0.756 6	0.250 2
黄连山 Huanglian Mountains	0.060 5	0.024 1	0.001 2	0.023 5	0.035 0	0.593 8	0.128 6
药山 Yao Mountain	0.121 3	0.029 2	0.000 6	0.014 6	0.008 3	0.342 8	0.106 8
永德大雪山 Yongde Snow Mountain	0.076 1	0.037 3	0.000 4	0.033 2	0.025 6	0.458 5	0.120 6
哀牢山 Ailao Mountains	0.159 2	0.053 5	0.124 7	0.032 9	0.056 9	0.847 3	0.280 8
大围山 Dawei Mountains	0.060 2	0.076 5	0.035 7	0.005 7	0.081 8	0.726 0	0.196 7
金平分水岭 Jinping Fen Shui Ling	0.066 7	0.022 6	0.024 3	0.009 1	0.012 9	0.782 4	0.148 0
无量山 Wuliang Mountains	0.087 6	0.033 4	0.038 8	0.026 2	0.044 2	0.913 3	0.208 7
文山 Wenshan	0.061 4	0.054 2	0.001 1	0.040 4	0.063 3	0.564 1	0.152 6
大山包 Dashanbao	0.032 0	0.035 6	0.002 6	0.123 4	0.034 1	0.578 4	0.147 4
会泽Huize	0.120 4	0.042 5	0.000 3	0.058 1	0.038 2	0.386 3	0.136 2
纳板河流域 Naban River Basin	0.140 1	0.056 2	0.052 8	0.021 5	0.034 5	0.817 2	0.226 1
轿子山Jiaozi Mountain	0.037 3	0.050 6	0.001 7	0.046 5	0.027 5	0.642 4	0.134 6
乌蒙山 Wumeng Mountains	0.068 5	0.033 2	0.000 4	0.007 4	0.025 0	0.410 0	0.103 0

Table 3

Fig. 3

Table 4

Functional structure typeof national nature reserve in Yunnan Province"

自然生态区 natural region	代码 codes	国家级自然保护区及其功能协调、结构类型、优势功能项 national nature reserve and its functional coordination, structure type, superior functional item	国家公园 national park	特色定位 characteristic orientation
川西藏东高山深谷针叶林、高山草甸区 eastern alpine deep valley coniferous forest area and alpine meadow area in Sichuan and Xizang	HIIAB1	白马雪山(濒临失调;一般滞后;生态保护、科学研究)	白马雪山-普达措	科学研究特色型
云南高原常绿阔叶林区 evergreen broadleaved forest region in Yunnan Plateau	ⅤA5	苍山洱海(初级协调;一般发展;生态保护、社区发展、科学研究、自然教育、休闲游憩)	苍山洱海-高黎贡山	综合发展型
		云龙天池(严重失调;严重滞后)
		高黎贡山(濒临失调;一般滞后;生态保护)
		轿子山(严重失调;严重滞后)	大山包-乌蒙山	自然教育特色型
		药山(严重失调;严重滞后;生态保护)
		会泽(严重失调;严重滞后;生态保护)
		大山包(严重失调;严重滞后;自然教育)
		乌蒙山(严重失调;严重滞后)
滇南谷地丘陵常绿阔叶林区 evergreen broadleaved forest region in valleys and hills areas of southern Yunnan	ⅥA3	哀牢山(濒临失调;一般滞后;生态保护、科学研究)	哀牢山-无量山	科学研究特色型
		无量山(濒临失调;一般滞后)
		永德大雪山(严重失调;严重滞后)	永德-南滚河	休闲游憩特色型
		元江(严重失调;严重滞后)	黄连山-文山
滇南谷地丘陵热带季雨林区 tropical monsoon forest region in valleys and hills of southern Yunnan	ⅦA3	黄连山(严重失调;严重滞后)	黄连山-文山	休闲游憩特色型
		金平分水岭(严重失调;严重滞后)
		大围山(严重失调;严重滞后)
		文山(严重失调;严重滞后)
		南滚河(严重失调;严重滞后)	永德-南滚河
		西双版纳(濒临失调;一般滞后;生态保护、科学研究、自然教育)	西双版纳	综合发展型
		纳板河流域(濒临失调;一般滞后,生态保护)

Table 4

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类型 types	功能判定标准 functional judgment criteria		类别特征 category characteristics
类型 types	功能评价 functional evaluation	协调度 coordination degree	类别特征 category characteristics
全面协调fully coordinated	3项及以上功能评价为优	[0.80, 1.00]	3项及以上功能评价为优且各项功能高级协调
优势发展dominantly developed	2项及以上功能评价为优	[0.60, 0.80)	2项及以上功能评价为优且各项功能中级协调
一般发展generally developed	1项及以上功能评价为优	[0.40, 0.60)	1项及以上功能评价为优且各项功能初级协调
一般滞后generally lagging	没有功能评价为优	[0.20, 0.40)	没有功能评价为优或各项功能濒临失调
严重滞后severely lagging	没有功能评价为优	(0, 0.20)	没有功能评价为优或各项功能严重失调

Function evaluation and structure analysis of national nature reserve in Yunnan Province

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