Effects of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration in zonal forests in the central Yunnan Plateau

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202308030

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 14-24.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202308030

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Effects of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration in zonal forests in the central Yunnan Plateau

SONG Chenggong¹(), WANG Keqin¹^,², SONG Yali¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Naimu¹

1. School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
2. National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Yuxi Forest Ecosystem, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650224, China

Received:2023-08-16 Accepted:2023-11-13 Online:2025-05-30 Published:2025-05-27
Contact: SONG Yali E-mail:scg19990505@sina.com;songyali19851205@sina.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The study explored effects of changes in soil characteristics in zonal forests on soil respiration under nitrogen deposition in the central Yunnan Plateau. The study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the response of soil respiration to nitrogen deposition in zonal forests, and provide a theoretical basis for the accurate assessment of the carbon budget and material cycle of subtropical forest ecosystems. 【Method】This study focused on two types of zonal forest soils, namely, evergreen broad-leaved forests and Quercus aquifolioides forests, in the central Yunnan Plateau. The soils were treated with different gradients of nitrogen, control [0 g/(m²·a) nitrogen, CK], low nitrogen [10 g/(m²·a) nitrogen, LN], medium nitrogen [20 g/(m²·a) nitrogen, MN], and high nitrogen [25 g/(m²·a) nitrogen, HN]. The variations in the characteristics of soil respiration (RS), temperature (T), humidity (W), organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate nitrogen ($\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}-\mathrm{N}$), ammonium nitrogen ($\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}-\mathrm{N}$) content, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were determined under nitrogen deposition. Additionally, the correlation between soil respiration and soil characteristics were determined to elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration. 【Result】Compared to the CK group, soil respiration increased in the LN treatment group and decreased in the MN and HN treatment groups in the evergreen broad-leaf forests. Compared with the CK group, soil respiration increased with an increase in nitrogen application for all the treatment groups in the Q. aquifolioides forests. Soil respiration was lower in the dry season than that in the rainy season in both stands, and increased by 155.15% and 181.78% in the Q. aquifolioides and evergreen broad-leaf forests, respectively, in the rainy season compared to those in the dry season. The TOC, TN, $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}-\mathrm{N}$, and $\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}-\mathrm{N}$ contents in the soil increased with the gradient of applied nitrogen in different seasons in both stands. Additionally, the contents of soil MBC in both stands were lower than that of the CK group in the rainy season at the different concentrations of nitrogen. The soil respiration of the evergreen broad-leaved forests exhibited a non-significant positive correlation with the pH, TP content and MBN (P > 0.05) in the dry and rainy seasons. Soil respiration in the Q. aquifolioides forests exhibited a non-significant positive correlation with the TOC, TN, $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}-\mathrm{N}$, and $\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}-\mathrm{N}$ content, non-significant negative correlation with the TP content, MBC and MBN, and a significant negative correlation with the pH (P < 0.05) during the dry and rainy seasons. 【Conclusion】Nitrogen deposition can alter soil respiration by affecting the soil chemical indicators, including the TOC, TN, TP, $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}-\mathrm{N}$, $\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}-\mathrm{N}$ content, MBC, and MBN. The findings revealed that moderate nitrogen deposition can promote soil respiration, while excessive nitrogen addition can inhibit soil respiration.

Key words: nitrogen deposition, soil respiration, soil charcteristics, the central Yunnan Plateau

CLC Number:

S718.5

SONG Chenggong, WANG Keqin, SONG Yali, ZHANG Naimu. Effects of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration in zonal forests in the central Yunnan Plateau[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2025, 49(3): 14-24.

Figures/Tables 8

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森林类型 forest type	样地编号 plot No.	海拔/m altitude	坡度/ (°) slope	坡向 aspect	平均林龄/a mean tree age	平均胸径/cm mean DBH	平均树高/m mean height	林分密度/ (株·hm^-2) stem density	郁闭度 canopy density
常绿阔叶林 evergreen broad-leaf forest	1	2 258	13	西北	17	9.5	9.1	4 619	0.85
	2	2 193	15	西北	15	9.0	9.3	4 747	0.90
	3	2 236	16	西北	17	8.9	9.0	4 533	0.87
高山栎林 Quercus aquifolioides forest	1	2 208	16	东北	15	9.0	4.6	1 038	0.92
	2	2 373	14	东北	16	10.0	4.1	1 132	0.88
	3	2 281	15	东北	16	10.6	4.1	1 073	0.90

森林类型 forest type	施氮处理 nitrogen treatment	养分质量分数/(g·kg^-1) nutrient fraction			养分质量分数/(mg·kg^-1) nutrient fraction		微生物生物量质量分数/(mg·kg^-1) microbial biomass
森林类型 forest type	施氮处理 nitrogen treatment	有机碳 TOC	全氮 TN	全磷 TP	硝态氮 $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}-\mathrm{N}$	铵态氮 $\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}-\mathrm{N}$	微生物生物量碳 MBC	微生物生物量氮 MBN
常绿阔叶林 evergreen broad-leaf forest	CK	20.01±5.32 Ad	1.68±0.29 Ab	1.42±0.05 Aa	1.47±0.32 Ad	11.52±1.50 Ac	643.98±141.19 Aa	54.39±13.05 Aa
	LN	27.23±7.21 Ac	1.77±0.26 Ab	1.08±0.13 Ab	1.71±0.32 Ac	14.32±1.58 Ab	537.57±137.84 Ac	53.42±11.53 Aa
	MN	34.89±10.66 Ab	1.92±0.29 Aa	0.81±0.21 Ac	1.97±0.35 Ab	17.96±1.95 Aa	657.28±152.48 Aa	42.06±7.17 Ab
	HN	39.02±8.36 Aa	1.94±0.32 Aa	0.56±0.02 Ad	2.27±0.30 Aa	18.64±2.07 Aa	590.24±126.11 Ab	32.20±3.18 Ac
高山栎林 Q. aquifolioides forest	CK	25.60±1.78 Bc	1.17±0.04 Bb	0.63±0.02 Bc	0.70±0.06 Bd	9.98±0.53 Bd	529.43±132.00 Ba	57.72±10.31 Ab
	LN	28.35±2.66 Ab	1.26±0.03 Ba	0.72±0.02 Bb	1.14±0.04 Bc	11.01±0.82 Bc	483.97±87.78 Bb	63.42±5.76 Ba
	MN	29.23±2.35 Bb	1.28±0.03 Ba	1.05±0.06 Ba	1.33±0.09 Bb	14.11±0.75 Bb	478.14±109.48 Bb	48.73±5.07 Bc
	HN	32.40±2.63 Ba	1.33±0.04 Ba	0.56±0.04 Ad	1.69±0.05 Ba	16.80±1.15 Ba	406.25±76.59 Bc	38.87±1.57 Bd

森林类型 forest type	施氮处理 nitrogen treatment	养分质量分数/(g·kg^-1) nutrient mass fraction			养分质量分数/(mg·kg^-1) nutrient mass fraction		微生物生物量质量分数/(mg·kg^-1) microbial biomass
森林类型 forest type	施氮处理 nitrogen treatment	有机碳 TOC	全氮 TN	全磷 TP	硝态氮 $\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}-\mathrm{N}$	铵态氮 $\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}-\mathrm{N}$	微生物生物量碳 MBC	微生物生物量氮 MBN
常绿阔叶林 evergreen broad-leaf forest	CK	39.88±13.47 Ad	2.07±0.35 Ad	3.99±0.06 Aa	2.48±0.76 Ad	17.99±3.25 Ad	526.88±247.83 Aa	84.74±31.03 Ac
	LN	48.04±18.65 Ac	2.29±0.53 Ac	3.52±0.26 Ab	2.87±0.64 Ac	21.50±2.34 Ac	502.27±202.11 Aab	89.78±33.69 Aa
	MN	54.44±20.53 Ab	2.53±0.67 Ab	3.18±0.41 Ac	3.16±0.67 Ab	24.16±2.15 Ab	487.81±221.00 Ab	49.98±9.15 Ac
	HN	58.98±11.48 Aa	2.78±0.60 Aa	2.46±0.30 Ad	3.58±0.35 Aa	27.10±1.90 Aa	428.36±99.31 Ac	36.64±5.13 Ad
高山栎林 Q. aquifolioides forest	CK	29.87±2.77 Bc	1.63±0.07 Bc	2.56±0.11 Bb	2.47±0.08 Ab	18.62±2.10 Ad	518.29±123.82 Aa	57.58±8.40 Bb
	LN	32.41±2.56 Bb	1.69±0.08 Bbc	2.89±0.11 Ba	2.42±0.20 Bb	20.60±2.17 Ac	489.04±92.03 Ab	62.79±10.99 Ba
	MN	34.14±2.88 Bb	1.75±0.11 Bb	2.88±0.23 Ba	2.53±0.26 Bb	22.41±2.17 Bb	455.15±89.04 Bc	55.60±13.42 Bbc
	HN	39.90±5.87 Ba	1.87±0.15 Ba	2.15±0.21 Bc	2.90±0.27 Ba	26.29±6.26 Aa	377.40±109.47 Bd	52.28±20.46 Bc

森林类型 forest type	施氮水平 nitrogen treatment	旱季温度 dry season temperature						旱季湿度 dry season humidity
森林类型 forest type	施氮水平 nitrogen treatment	a₁	b₁	R²	P	Q₁₀	R₁₀	a₂	b₂	c	R²	P
常绿阔叶林 evergreen broad-leaf forest	CK	2.325	0.059	0.358	0.019	1.804	4.194	-0.001	0.031	1.866	0.349	0.009
	LN	2.185	0.021	0.343	0.012	1.234	2.696	-0.003	0.121	2.203	0.386	0.014
	MN	1.728	0.017	0.355	0.021	1.185	2.048	-0.001	0.032	1.853	0.344	0.005
	HN	1.648	0.038	0.316	0.010	1.462	2.411	-0.003	0.096	1.165	0.292	0.007
高山栎林 Q.aquifolioides forest	CK	0.985	0.048	0.643	0.007	1.618	1.593	-0.002	0.101	0.113	0.435	0.021
	LN	0.928	0.036	0.871	0.010	1.433	1.330	-0.002	0.046	1.228	0.462	0.019
	MN	0.742	0.026	0.708	<0.001	1.291	0.958	-0.012	0.387	-1.599	0.402	0.012
	HN	2.044	0.036	0.733	0.006	1.433	2.930	-0.168	9.919	-143.535	0.443	0.029

森林类型 forest type	施氮水平 nitrogen treatment	雨季温度 rainy season temperature						雨季湿度 rainy season humidity
森林类型 forest type	施氮水平 nitrogen treatment	a₁	b₁	R²	P	Q₁₀	R₁₀	a₂	b₂	c	R²	P
常绿阔叶林 evergreen broad-leaf forest	CK	2.287	0.064	0.324	<0.001	1.896	4.338	0.473	-15.739	136.983	0.338	0.024
	LN	3.483	0.054	0.471	0.020	1.716	5.977	-0.003	0.452	2.953	0.283	0.010
	MN	2.329	0.046	0.408	0.007	1.584	3.689	-1.915	97.085	-1 223.407	0.305	0.030
	HN	2.344	0.047	0.350	0.026	1.600	3.750	-0.081	4.108	-45.004	0.375	0.001
高山栎林 Q.aquifolioides forest	CK	2.346	0.045	0.385	<0.001	1.576	3.698	0.017	-0.724	11.527	0.374	<0.001
	LN	3.013	0.044	0.466	0.010	1.553	4.678	-0.064	2.528	-21.071	0.378	<0.001
	MN	1.856	0.046	0.439	<0.001	1.584	2.940	-0.026	1.386	-14.724	0.314	<0.001
	HN	1.760	0.028	0.390	<0.001	1.320	2.323	-0.003	-0.299	13.314	0.526	0.010

Effects of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration in zonal forests in the central Yunnan Plateau

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季节 season	森林类型 forest type	pH	TOC	TN	TP	$\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}-\mathrm{N}$	$\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}-\mathrm{N}$	MBC	MBN
旱季 dry season	常绿阔叶林evergreen broad-leaf forest	0.41	-0.30	-0.34	0.28	-0.35	-0.30	-0.77	0.58
	高山栎林Q. aquifolioides forest	-0.98^*	0.88	0.77	-0.47	0.83	0.88	-0.93	-0.86
雨季 rainy season	常绿阔叶林evergreen broad-leaf forest	0.17	-0.22	-0.30	0.23	-0.23	-0.22	0.22	0.64
	高山栎林Q. aquifolioides forest	-0.74	0.82	0.76	-0.95	0.93	0.77	-0.81	-0.65

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