Seasonal variation of soil microbial amounts and rhizospheric effect of two forest trees were studied systematically on Betula luminifera and Pleioblastus amarus under two main models of forest rehabilitation, and the cropland was regarded as contrast in Hongya. county, Sichuan province. And effect of two models of forest rehabilitation on soil microbial amounts and activities was analyzed and discussed. The main results of study showed that soil microbial amounts were changed regularly in different seasons. Microbial amounts were increased from spring to autumn, and were the most in autumn, and were the least in winter in B. luminifera and P. arnarus. But microbial amounts of cropland were increased from spring to winter, and were the most in winter. Bacteria amounts were predominant, actinomyces amounts were the next, and fungi amounts were the least among composition of communities of soil microbes. The sequence of total amounts of soil microbes from high to low was cropland>P, amarus forest>B, lurninifera forest in a year. Rhizospheric effect of two forest trees under two models of forest rehabilitation was different during different seasons. And the R/S values of microbes were from 1 to 2 during different seasons, and the R/S values were respective 1.37 and 1.24 in in a year. So the ecological benefit of model of P. amarus was better than B. luminifera by evaluation of total soil microbes.