As a heat insulation material, straws have been used as building material for a long time. With the improvement of science and technology, three kinds of straw-based wallboard have been developed in China: platen-pressed straw-based wallboard, extruded straw-based wallboard, and mould-pressed straw-based wallboard. The status and development of the manufacture technology, the properties and the possible application of straw-based wallboard in China were presented in this paper. It indicates that straw-based wallboard has characteristics of low density, good heat insulation and sound absorption. It is an ideal wallboard material used either in interior or exterior for buildings and has a bright future in China.