Abstract: The analysis results of chemical composition of Chinese pennisetum showed that the contents of holocellulose, pentosan ,lignin, benzenealcohol extractives and ash were 71.83 %, 19.60 %,23.48 %, 2.84 % and 4.84 %respectively. The ash content of the leaf was the highest among the examined 5 parts of Chinese pennisetum, which was up to 11.21 %. The measurements of fiber morphology on Chinese pennisetum showed that the fiber aspect ratio is 108, and the ratio of cellwall thickness to cell diameter is 0.32. Of the thermalmechanical refined fibers, 70.8 % was the qualified long fibers and fiberbundles. The experimental panels of MDF from Chinese pennisetum were manufactured, and their physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bond (IB) of those panels met the requirements specified in China national standard GB/T 11718—1999. Analysis results showed that Chinese pennisetum was a potential feasible raw material for making medium density fiberboard.