Abstract: In order to improve the processing and utilization level of high added value of Chinese rattan resources, the Daemonorops margaritae, Chinese unique rattan, was chosen as the research material to study the distribution and content of lignin in fiber cell and the micro-morphological regions of fiber cell wall in the different position and in the different growing period. The results showed that the S-type lignin content in secondary wall and cell corner of the fiber had a trend of “increasing-decreasing-increasing” along axial direction downward with the age increasing, while the total content of S-type lignin and G-type lignin tended to increase continuously. In the radial direction, the lignin content in fiber cell secondary wall had exactly the same variation trend with that in fiber cell corner, and the lignin content in fiber cell corner was higher than that in fiber cell secondary wall, where the S-lignin content was the highest in middle part, then higher in cortex and then in core, while the total content of S-type lignin and G-type lignin, from high to low in order, were both in core, in middle and in cortex in sequence. From outside to the inner part of fibrous sheath, the lignin content had a trend of increasing first and then decreasing in the core and middle part of the cane. While the S-lignin content decreased in the fibrous sheath of the cortex, in which the total content of S-type lignin and G-type lignin increased continuously. The lignin content in different micro-morphological regions of fiber cell wall was the lowest in the secondary wall, then was in primary wall and the highest on intercellular layer.