Abstract: Shibataea chinensis belongs to the Bambusoideae, a large plant family with more than 1 000 bamboo species. Lacking of normal pollen development is one of the bottlenecks of bamboo molecular breeding. In order to provide additional data on this blossomed bamboo family, the ultrastructure of anther of S. chinensis was investigated with the methods of TEM in this study. The results are as follows: The anther wall consists of four layers. They are epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. The development of anther wall belongs to the monocotyledonous type. The secondary sporogenous cells have some vesicles, annulate lamella, Golgi bodies and mitochondria. There are a plenty of vesicles, mitochondria and black high electron-dense cytoplasm in microspore mother cells. Dyad produces after the first meiosis, there are cytoplasmic channels on the cell wall with the thick callus. Pollen mother cells undergo the second meiosis to give rise to tetrad. Three electron-dense bands(the outer wall surface, the grana layer and the endexine)develops outside the pollen cell membrane during later central nucleus microspore,and the pollen germination aperture also develops at this time. When the pollens mature, many white plasmids and starch grains are in them. Male sterility phenomenon occurs during the process of anther development, such as the phenomena that the tapetum disintegrated earlier, the pollen mother cells and microspores are abnormal. So the abnormality of pollen is associated with the abortion of microsporocyte and microspore.