Abstract: 【Objective】The present study investigated the anatomical and developmental characteristics of fibers from Fargesia fungosa in order to obtain fundamental information for the bamboo culms used as timbers. 【Method】Three vascular bundles were taken from the third layer of the inner culm walls of five age classes to measure the length and width of the vascular bundles, diameter of the metaxylem vessels, and number as well as thickness of the fiber wall layer. 【Results】The vascular bundles in the inner culm walls of F. fungosa were mainly open type, whereas those in the outer culm walls were mainly semi-differentiated. The intensity of fiber wall deposition decreased with age increasing. Fibers with three to four wall layers were the most common in the five age classes, and fibers with seven to eight layers and greater than nine layers firstly appeared in 36-month-old culms. The fiber wall deposition patterns were categorized into six types, among which Type Ⅵ accounted for the highest ratio(35.28%). The correlation between fiber wall thickness and number of wall layers was positive in 1-month-old culms but negative in 60-month-old culms. 【Conclusion】Both number of fiber wall layers and fiber wall thickness increased with age increasing, whereas the correlation between them decreased. Some of the fibers at the periphery of the fiber sheaths from 60-month-old culms still possessed large-diameter lumens and thin walls and had still not fully completed their deposition. There were two thickening ways in fiber wall deposition, i.e. the widening between wall layers and the increasing number of wall layers, which also changed with age.