Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental, economic, and social performance benefits of landscape projects by using the landscape performance assessment(LPA)method, which is based on the measurement of sustainability through quantitative and qualitative assessment. The problems and shortcomings of the landscape design were analyzed using the evaluation results. 【Method】The water system landscape of Nanjing Houshitang Village south of Jiangsu was used as a case study. It was necessary to establish a metric system suitable for the LPA of the rural water system landscape and then examine the environmental, economic, and social performance through field investigation, experiments, questionnaire survey, and data statistics.【Result】① Environmental benefits: the terraced water system, which is closely integrated with the topography, increases the total water storage capacity, and the waterfront vegetation not only beautifies the environment, purifies the water, and adjusts the microclimate but also increases carbon sequestration. ② Economic benefits: the expansion of the water area resulted in a significant increase in the fishery income of the village. Improvement of the water system landscape had positive effects on rural tourism deve-lopment; provided a variety of jobs for the villagers, thereby increasing their income; and increased property values in the village. ③ Social benefits: improvement of the water system landscape enhanced the visual quality of the village, increased the recreation value, and enriched rural waterfront activities. The environmental awareness of the villagers has improved, and the comprehensive attraction of the village increased significantly. 【Conclusion】The LPA method can illustrate the actual landscape values through quantitative and qualitative assessment and measure the efficiency with which landscape solutions fulfill their intended purpose and contribute toward sustainability. Scientific, accurate, and effective suggestions may guide and optimize the landscape design in the future.