Abstract: 【Objective】Determine the potential for Larix kaempferi full-sib families to provide the basis for genetic improvement by evaluating their genetic variation and selection potential.【Method】Sixty-seven full-sib families of L. kaempferi were taken as source materials to investigate the tree height and diameter at breast height. The ANOVA, genetic parameter, correlation and combining ability analyses plus family selection were carried out for the tree height and diameter at breast height. 【Result】The result of the ANOVA showed that there were significant differences among all variance sources(P<0.01). The phenotypic variation coefficients of tree height and diameter at breast height were 30.23% and 21.51%,respectively; while the genetic variation coefficients were 15.98% and 16.99%, respectively. The family-level heritability of tree height and diameter at breast height were 0.94, while the individual plant heritability of tree height and diameter at breast height were 0.52, respectively. According to the calculation of the general combining ability, Sanpeng 04 was selected as an excellent male parent, while Sanpeng 37 was selected as an excellent female parent. According to the calculated special combining ability, Dongfeng 18 × Lanshan 25, Dongfeng 81 × Lanshan 25, Sanpeng 98 × Sanpeng 74, and Linjiang 34 × Lanshan 28 were selected as elite hybrids combinations. Using a 10% selection rate, seven families were selected as elite families, with the average of tree height and diameter at breast height of 0.70 m and 1.06 cm and genetic gains of 35.02% and 29.01%, respectively. However, with a 2% selection rate, 50 individual plants were selected as elite individual plants, with an average tree height and diameter at breast height of 0.98 m and 1.35 cm, and genetic gains of 47.92% and 34.67%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Seven elite families and 50 individual plants can provide superior materials for the establishment of improved initial and second generation seed orchards.