Abstract: 【Objective】Some studies have suggested that Carya illinoensis artificial natural pollination could make significant synergies on C. cathayensis’s fruit. But the artificial pollination was difficult to be applied in large area because of its low efficiency. At present, the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)pollination with tens or even hundreds of times higher efficiency, had been only used in hybrid rice seed production, no literature had been reported in economic forests at home and abroad. To investigate the fruit-xenia effects of C. illinoensis pollination on C. cathayensis. 【Method】The fruit production and characters of a 15-year seedling crop of C. cathayensis were measured after spaying pollen solution acquired from C. illinoensis at a concentration of 0.025%(m/m)by UAV. All data were statistically analyzed by mathematical statistics and Excel 2007. 【Result】The UAV pollination of C. illinoensis had an extremely significant synergy effect on fresh fruit yield, as well as the weight of fruit, seed and fruit width of C. cathayensis. While no significant differences were found in the fruit height, seed height and width, kernel weight and yield. In contrast to the control, the fresh fruit yield per unit area had increased 37.16%. The weight of fruit, seed and kernel per unit had increased 12.02%, 5.98% and 5.49%, respectively. The fruit diameter had increased 4.81%.【Conclusion】unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-assisted pollination exhibited significant potentiation of hickory fertilization. This result caused by the higher wind power outputted by the UAV and the interspecific hybridization between hickory and pecan.